精品欢迎下载可修改2020年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案（第1套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmotivationandmethodsinlearning.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.【参考范文】Asanoldsayinggoes,knowledgecanchangeone’slife.Inordertoacquireknowledge,wehavetostudyhard.However,itcannotbeignoredthateffectivelearningneedsbothmotivationandscientificmethods.It’snotdifficultforustocomeupwithseveralpossiblereasonsaccountingforthisperspective.Inthefirstplace,learningisakindofseriousandhardwork.Therefore,noteveryoneisabletokeepgoingwithoutcertaininternalmotivations.Besides,scientificmethodsplayasignificantroleinimprovinglearningefficiency.Manyofusbelievethatthelongeryoustudy,thebettergradesyouwillget.Butalotofexperiencesofourclassmatesprovethatthisviewisnotentirelycorrect.Indetails,studyingforalongtimeisexhaustinganditisverylikelytodecreasestudyefficiency,whichiscriticaltoacademicperformance.Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wecaneasilydrawaconclusionthattheimportanceofmotivationandmethodsinlearningisself-evident.Anditisnecessaryforustodevelopgoodlearningmethods.【参考范文译文】俗话说，知识能改变命运。因此，为了获得知识，我们必须努力学习。然而，不可忽略的是，有效的学习既离不开学习动力的存在，也离不开科学的学习方法。不难列举上述观点的原因。首先，学习是一件严肃且困难的事。因此，不是每个人都能在没有某种内在动机的情况下一直继续。此外，科学的方法在提高学习效率方面发挥着重要的作用。我们当中有不少人都认为，学习的时间越长，成绩就会越好。但是我们周边同学的很多经历证明这个观点并不完全正确。具体来说，长时间的学习是累人的，因此它很可能会降低学习效率，而学习效率对于学业成绩来说却是至关重要的。综上所述，我们可以很容易就得出如下结论：学习动机和方法的重要性是不言而喻的，因此我们非常有必要形成良好的学习方法。
精品欢迎下载可修改PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)whyRomanHolidaywasmorefamousthanBreakfastatTiffany’s.B)whyAudreyHepburnhadmorefemalefansthanmaleones.C)WhythewomanwantedtobelikeAudreyHepburn.D)whysomanygirlsadoredAudreyHepburn.2.A)Heruniquepersonality.B)Herphysicalcondition.C)Hershiftofinteresttoperformingarts.D)Herfamily’ssuspensionoffinancialaid.3.A)Shewasnotanoutgoingperson.B)ShewasmodestandhardworkingC)Shewaseasy-goingonthewhole.D)Shewasusuallynotveryoptimistic.4.A)Shewasinfluencedbytherolessheplayedinthefilms.B)Herparentstaughthertosymbolizewiththeneedy.C)Shelearnedtovolunteerwhenshewasachild.
精品欢迎下载可修改D)Herfamilybenifitedfromotherpeople’shelp.Questions5to8arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.5.A)Giveapresentation.B)Risesomequestions.C)Startanewcompany.D)Ateedaboardmeeting.6.A)Itwillcutproductioncosts.B)Itwillraiseproductivities.C)Nostaffwilllbedismissed.D)Nonewstaffwillbehired.7.A)Thetimelineofrestructuring.B)Thereasonsforrestructuring.C)Thecommunicationchannels.D)Thecompany’snewmissions.8.A)Byconsultingtheirowndepartmentmanagers.B)Byemailingquestionstothemanorthewoman.C)Byexploringvariouschannelsofcommunication.
精品欢迎下载可修改D)Byvisitingthecompany’sowncomputernetwork.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Ithelpspassengerstotakecareoftheirpetanimals.B)Ithasanimalstohelppassengerscarrytheirlanguage.C)Itusestherapyanimalstosoothenervouspassengers.D)Itallowspassengerstohaveanimaltravelwiththem.10.A)Avoidingpossibledangers.B)Findingtheirwayaround.C)Identifyingdrugsmugglers.D)Lookingaftersickpassengers.11.A)Scheduletheirflightsaroundtheanimalvisits.B)Photographthetherapyanimalsattheairport.C)Keepsomeanimalsfortherapeuticpurposes.
精品欢迎下载可修改D)Bringtheiranimalsonboardtheirplane.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)BesideabeautifullypaintedwallinArles.B)BesidethegateofanancientRomancity.C)AtthesiteofanancientRomanmansion.D)AttheentrancetoareceptionhallinRome.13.A)Anumberofdifferentimages.B)Anumberofmythologicalheroes.C)Variousmusicalinstruments.D)PaintingsbyfamousFrenchartists.14.A)Theoriginalityandexpertiseshown.B)Theworldlysophisticationdisplayed.C)Thestunningimagesvividlydepicted.D)Theimpressiveskillsandcostlydyes.15.A)Hisartistictasteissuperb.B)Hisidentityremainsunclear.C)Hewasacollectorofantiques.D)HewasarichItalianmerchant.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyencourageinternationalcooperation.B)Theylaystressonbasicscientificresearch.
精品欢迎下载可修改C)Theyplacegreatemphasisonempiricalstudies.D)Theyfavourscientistsfromitsmembercountries.17.A)Manyofthemwishtowininternationalrecognition.B)Theybelievethatmorehandswillmakelightwork.C)Theywanttofollowcloselytheinternationaltrend.D)Manyoftheirprojectshavebecomecomplicated.18.A)Itrequiresmathematicianstoworkindependently.B)Itisfacedwithmanyunprecedentedchallenges.C)Itlagsbehindotherdisciplinesincollaboration.D)Itcallsformoreresearchfundingtocatchup.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)ScientiststriedtosendaballoontoVenus.B)ScientistsdiscoveredwateronVenus.C)ScientistsfoundVenushadatmosphere.D)ScientistsobservedVenusfromaspacevehicle.20.A)ItresemblesEarthinmanyaspects.B)Itisthesameasfictionhasportrayed.C)Itisaparadiseofromanceforalienlife.D)ItundergoesgeologicalchangeslikeEarth.
精品欢迎下载可修改21.A)Itmighthavebeenhotterthanitistoday.B)Itmighthavebeenacozyhabitatforlife.C)ItusedtohavemorewaterthanEarth.D)Itusedtobecoveredwithrainforests.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Causesofsleeplessness.B)Cross-culturalcommunication.C)Culturalpsychology.D)Motivationandpositivefeelings.23.A)Theyattachgreatimportancetosleep.B)Theyoftenhavetroublefallingasleep.C)Theypaymoreattentiontosleepefficiency.D)TheygenerallysleeplongerthanEastAsians.24.A)Byaskingpeopletoreporttheirsleephabits.B)Byobservingpeople’ssleeppatternsinlabs.C)Byhavingpeoplewearmotion-detectingwatches.D)Byvideotapingpeople’sdailysleepingprocesses.25.A)Ithasmaderemarkableprogressinthepastfewdecades.B)Ithasnotyetexploredthecross-culturalaspectofsleep.
精品欢迎下载可修改C)Ithasnotyetproducedanythingconclusive.D)Ithasattachedattentionallovertheworld.【参考答案】1-5DBADA6-10CBBCB11-15ACADD16-20ADCBA21-25CCDCBPartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Pastaisnolongeroffthemenu,afteranewreviewofstudiessuggestedthatthecarbohydratecanformpartofahealthydiet,andevenhelppeopleloseweight.Foryears,nutritionistshaverecommendedthatpastabekepttoa26,tocutcalories,preventfatbuild-upandstopbloodsugar27up.Thelow-carbohydratefoodmovementgavebirthtosuchdietsastheAtkins,PaleoandKeto,whichadvisedswappingfoodslikebread,pastaandpotatoesforvegetables,fishandmeat.Morerecentlythetrendofswappingspaghettiforvegetableshasbeen28byclean-eatingexperts.Butnowa29reviewandanalysisof30studiesbyCanadianresearchersfoundthatnotonlydoespastanotcauseweightgain,butthreemealsaweekcanhelppeopledropmorethanhalfakilogramoverfourmonths.Thereviewersfoundthatpastahadbeenunfairlydemonized(妖魔化)becauseithadbeen30inwithother,moreft-promotingcarbohydrates.“Thestudyfoundthatpastadidn’t3toweightgainorincreaseinbodyfat,”saidleadauthorDrJohnSievenpiper.“In32theevidence,wecannowsaywithsomeconfidencethatpastadoesnothavean33effectonbodyweighoutcomeswhenitisconsumedaspartofahealthydietarypattern.”Infact,analysisactuallyshowedasmallweighloss34toconcerns.perhapspastacanbepartofahealthydietThoseinvolvedinthe35trialsonaverageate3.3servingsofpastaaweekinsteadofothercarbohydrates,oneservingequalingaroundhalfa
精品欢迎下载可修改cup.Theylostaroundhalfakilogramoveranaveragefollow-upof12weeks.A)adverseB)championedC)clinicalD)contraryE)contributeF)intimateG)lumpedH)magnifiedI)minimumJ)radiatingK)rationL)shootingM)subscribeN)systematicO)weighing26-30KLBNG31-35EOADCSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgivenin
精品欢迎下载可修改oneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.TheBestRetailersCombineBricksandClicksA)Retailprofitsarefallingsharply.Storesareclosing.Mallsareemptying.Thedepressingstoriesjustkeepcoming.ReadingtheearningsannouncementsoflargeretailstoreslikeMacy’s,Nordstrom,andTargetisaboutasupliftingasatourofanintensivecareunit.Theinteractisapparentlytakingdownyetanotherindustry.Brickandmortarstores(实体店)seemtobegoingthewayoftheyellowpages.Sureenough,theCensusBureaujustreleaseddatashowingthatonlineretailsalessurged15.2percentbetweenthefirstquarterof2015andthefirstquarterof2016.B)Butbeforeyoudumpallofyourretailstocks,therearemorefactsyoushouldconsider.Lookingonlyatthat15.2percent"surge"wouldbemisleading.Itwasanincreasethatwasonasmallbaseof6.9percent.Evenwhenatinynumbergrowsbyalargepercentageterms,itisoftenstilltiny.C)Morethan20yearsaftertheinternetwasopenedtocommerce,theCensusBureautellsusthatbrickandmortarsalesaccountedfor92.3percentofretailsalesinthefirstquarterof2016.Theirdatashowthatonly0.8percentofretailsalesshiftedfromofflinetoonlinebetweenthebeginningof2015and2016.D)So,despiteallthetalkaboutdrone(无人机)deliveriestoyourdoorstep,alltheretailexecutivesexpressinganxietyoverconsumersgoingonline,andevenaPresidentialcandidateexclaimingthatAmazonhasa"hugeantitrustproblem,"theCensusdatasuggestthatphysicalretailisthriving.Ofcourse,theclosedstores,depressedexecutives,andsinkingstockssuggestotherwise.What'stherealstory?E)Manyfirmsoperatingbrickandmortarstoresareintrouble.Theretailindustryisgettingreinvented,aswedescribeinournewbookMatchmakers.It'sstandinginthePathofwhatSchumpetercalledagale(大风)ofcreativedestruction.Thatstormhasbeenbrewingforsometime,andasithasreachedgaleforce,mostlargeretailersaresearchingforaresponse.AstheCFOofMacy’sputitrecently,“We’refranklyscratchingourheads.”
精品欢迎下载可修改F)Butit’snothappeningasexpertspredicted.Inthepeakofthedot.combubble,brickandmortarretailwasoneofthoseindustriestheinternetwasgoingtokill-andquickly.Thedot.cornbustdiscreditedmostpredictionsofthatsortandintheyearsthatfollowed,onventionalretailers’confidenceinthefutureincreasedasCensuscontinuedtoreportweakonlinesales.Andthenthegalehit.G)Itisbecomingincreasinglyclearthatretailreinventionisn’tasimplebattletothedeathbetweenbricksandclicks.Itisaboutdevisingretailmodelsthatworkforpeoplewhoaremakingincreasinguseofagrowingarrayofinternet-connectedtoolstochangehowtheysearch,shop,andbuy.Creativeretailersareusingthenewtechnologiestoinnovatejustabouteverythingstoresdofrommanaginginventory,tomarketing,togettingpaid.H)Morethandronesdroppinganewsupplyofunderwearonyourdoorstep,Apple’smassivelysuccessfulbrick-and-mortar-and-glassretailstoresandAmazon’ssmallstepsinthesamedirectionarewhatshouldkeepold-fashionedretailersawakeatnight.Nottomentionthelargenumberofcreativenewretailers,likeBonobos,thatareblendingonlineandofflineexperiencesincreativeways.I)Retailreinventionisnotasimpleprocess,andit’salsonothappeningonwhatusedtobecalled"InternetTime."Someinternet-drivenchangeshavehappenedquickly,ofcourse.Craigslistquicklyovertooknewspaperclassifiedadsandturnednewspapereconomicsupsidedown.Butmanywidelyanticipatedchangesweren’tquick,andsomehaven’treallystarted.Withthebenefitofhindsight(后见之明),itlooksliketheinteractwilltransformtheeconomyatsomethinglikethepaceofothergreatinventionslikeelectricity.B2Bcommerce,forexample,didn’tmovemainlyonlineby2005asmanyhadpredictedin2000,norevenby2016,butthatdoesn’tmeanitwon’tdosooverthenextfewdecades.J)Butthegaleisstillblowing.Thesuddendeclineinfoottrafficinrecentyears,eventhoughithasn’tbeenaccompaniedbyamassivedeclineinphysicalsales,isacriticalwarning.Peoplecanshopmoreefficientlyonlineandthereforedon’tneedtogotoasmanystorestofindwhattheywant.There’sasurplusofphysicalshoppingspaceforthecrowds,whichisonereasonwhystoresaredownsizingandclosing.
精品欢迎下载可修改K)Theriseofthemobilephonehasrecentlyaddedanewlevelofcomplexitytotheprocessofretailreinvention.Evenfiveyearsagomostpeoplefacedachoice.Sitatyourcomputer,probablyathomeorattheoffice,searchandbrowse,andbuy.Orheadouttothemall,orMainStreet,lookandshop,andbuy.Now,justabouteveryonehasasmartphone,connectedtotheinternetalmosteverywherealmostallthetime.Evenwhenaretailergetsacustomertowalkinthestore,shecaneasilyseeifthere’sabetterdealonlineoratanotherstorenearby.L)Sofar,themainthingmanylargeretailershavedoneinresponsetoallthisistoopenonlinestores,sopeoplewillcometothemdirectlyratherthantoAmazonanditssmalleronlinerivals．Manyarehavingthesameproblemthatnewspapershave.Eveniftheygetonlinetraffic,theystruggletomakeenoughmoneyonlinetocompensateforwhattheyarelosingoffline.M)Afewseemtobemakingthiswork．Amonglargetraditionalretailers,Walmartrecentlyreportedthebestresults,leadingitsstockpricetosurge,whileMacy’s,Target,andNordstrom’sdropped.YetWalmart’syear-over-yearonlinesalesonlygrew7percent,leadingitsCEOtolament(哀叹),“Growthhereistooslow．”PartoftheproblemisthatalmosttwodecadesafterAmazonfiledtheone．clickpatent,theonlineretailshoppingandbuyingexperienceisfilledwithfrictions．Arecentstudygradedmorethan600internetretailersonhoweasyitwasforconsumerstoshop,buy,andpay．Almosthalfofthesitesdidn’tgetapassinggradeandonly18percentgotanAorB．N)TheturmoilonthegroundinphysicalretailishardtosquarewiththeCensusdata．Unfortunately,partoftheexplanationisthattheCensusretaildataareunreliable．Ourdeep100kintothosedataandtheirpreparationrevealedseriousproblems．ItseemslikelythatCensussimplymisclassifiesalargechunkofonlinesales．ItiscertainthattheCensusprocedures,whichlumptheonlinesalesofmajortraditionalretailerslikeWalmartwith“non-storeretailers"1ikefoodtrucks．canmaskmajorchangesinindividualretailcategories．Thebureaucouldeasilypresenttheirdatainmoreusefulways．buttheyhavechosennotto.O)Despitetheturmoil,brickandmortarwon’tdisappearanytimesoon．Thebigquestionsarewhich,ifany,ofthelargetraditionalretailerswillstillbeonthesceneinadecadeortwobecausetheyhavesuccessfullyreinventedthemselves,whichnewplayerswilloperatebusystoresonMainStreetsandmaybeeveninshoppingmalls,andhowtheshoppingandbuyingexperiencewillhavechangedineachretailcategory.
精品欢迎下载可修改Investorsshouldn’twriteoffbrickandmortar.Whethertheyshouldbetonthetraditionalplayerswhorunthosestoresnowisanothermatter36.Althoughonlineretailinghasexistedforsometwentyyears,nearlyhalfoftheinternetretailersstillfailtoreceivesatisfactoryfeedbackfromconsumers,accordingtoarecentsurvey．37.Innovativeretailersintegrateinternettechnologieswithconventionalretailingtocreatenewretailmodels．38.DespitewhattheCensusdatasuggest,thevalueofphysicalretail’sstockshasbeendropping．39.Innovative—drivenchangesintheretailindustrydidn’ttakeplaceasquicklyaswidelyanticipated．40.Statisticsindicatethatbrickandmortarsalesstillmadeupthelion’sshareoftheretailbusiness.41.Companiesthatsuccessfullycombineonlineandofflinebusinessmodelsmayprovetobeabigconcernfortraditionalretailers.42.Brickandmortarretailers’faithintheirbusinesswasstrengthenedwhenthedotcombubbleburst.43.Despitethetremendouschallengesfromonlineretailing,traditionalretailingwillbeheretostayforquitesometime.44.Withtheriseofonlinecommerce,physicalretailstoresarelikelytosufferthesamefateasitheyellowpages.45.Thewideuseofsmartphoneshasmadeitmorecomplexfortraditionalretailerstoreinventtheirbusiness.36-40MGDIC41-45HFOAKSectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebest
精品欢迎下载可修改choiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ProfessorStephenHawkinghaswarnedthatthecreationofpowerfulartifcialintelligence(AI)willbe“eitherthebest,ortheworstthing,evertohappentohumanity”,andpraisedthecreationofanacademicinstitutededicatedtoresearchingthefutureofintelligenceas“crucialtothefutureofourcivilisationandourspecies”.HawkingwasspeakingattheopeningoftheLeverhulmeCentrefortheFutureofIntelligence(LCFI)atCambridgeUniversity,amulti-disciplinaryinstitutethatwillattempttotacklesomeoftheopen-endedquestionsraisedbytherapidpaceofdevelopmentinAIresearch.“Wespendagreatdealoftimestudyinhistory,”Hawkingsaid,“which,let’sfaceit,ismostlythehistoryofstupidity.Soit;sawelcomechangethatpeoplearestudyinginsteadthefutureofintelligence.”Whiletheworld-renownedphysicisthasoftenbeencautiousaboutAI,raisingconcernsthathumanitycouldbethearchitectofitsowndestructionifitcreatesasuper-intelligencewithawillofitsown,hewasalsoquicktohighlightthepositivesthatAIresearchcanbring.“Thepotentialbenefitsofcreatingintelligencearehuge,”hesaid.“WecannotpredictwhatwemightachievewhenourownmindsareamplifiedbyAI.Perhapswiththetoolsofthisnewtechnologicalrevolution,wewillbeabletoundosomeofthedamagedonetothenaturalworldbythelastone-industrialisation.Andsurelywewillaimtofinallyeradicatediseaseandpoverty.Andeveryaspectofourliveswillbetransformed.Inshort,successincreatingAIcouldbethebiggesteventinthehistoryofourcivilization.”HuwPrice,thecentre’sacademicdirectorandtheBertrandRussellprofessorofphilosophyatCambridgeUniversity,whereHawkingisalsoanacademic,saidthatthecentrecameaboutpartiallyasaresultoftheuniversity’sCentreforExistentialRisk.Thatinstituteexaminedawiderrangeofpotentialproblemsforhumanity,whiletheLCFIhasanarrowfocus.AIpioneerMargaretBoden,professorofcognitivescienceattheUniversityofSussex,praisedtheprogressofsuchdiscussions.Asrecentlyas2009,shesaid,thetopicwasn’ttakenseriously,evenamong
精品欢迎下载可修改AIresearchers.“AIishugelyexciting,”shesaid,“butithaslimitations,whichpresentgravedangersgivenuncriticaluse.”TheacademiccommunityisnotaloneinwarningaboutthepotentialdangersofAIaswellasthepotentialbenefits.Anumberofpioneersfromthetechnologyindustry,mostfamouslytheentrepreneurElonMusk,havealsoexpressedtheirconcernsaboutthedamagethatasuper-intelligentAIcoulddotohumanity.46.WhatdidStephenHawkingthinkofartificialintelligence?A)Itwouldbevitaltotheprogressofhumancivilisation.B)Itmightbeablessingoradisasterinthemaking.C)Itmightpresentchallengesaswellasopportunities.D)Itwouldbeasignificantexpansionofhumanintelligence.47.WhatdidHawkingsayaboutthecreationoftheLCFI?A)ItwouldacceleratetheprogressofAIresearch.B)ItwouldmarkastepforwardintheAIindustry.C)Itwasextremelyimportanttothedestinyofhumankind.D)Itwasanachievementofmulti-disciplinarycollaboration.48.WhatdidHawkingsaywasawelcomechangeinAIresearch?A)Theshiftofresearchfocusfromthepasttothefuture.B)Theshiftofresearchfromtheorytoimplementation.C)ThegreateremphasisonthenegativeimpactofAI.D)Theincreasingawarenessofmankind’spaststupidity.
精品欢迎下载可修改49.WhatconcernsdidHawkingraiseaboutAI?A)Itmayexceedhumanintelligencesoonerorlater.B)Itmayultimatelyover-amplifythehumanmind.C)Super-intelligencemaycauseitsowndestruction.D)Super-intelligencemayeventuallyruinmankind.50.Whatdowelearnaboutsomeentrepreneursfromthetechnologyindustry?A)Theyaremuchinfluencedbytheacademiccommunity.B)TheyaremostlikelytobenefitfromAIdevelopment.C)TheysharethesameconcernsaboutAIasacademics.D)TheybelievetheycankeepAIunderhumancontrol.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Themarketforproductsdesignedspecificallyforolderadultscouldreach$30billionbynextyear,andstartups(初创公司)wantinontheaction.Whattheysometimeslackisfeedbackfromthepeoplewhotheyhopewillusetheirproducts.SoBrookdale,thecountry’slargestownerofretirementcommunities,hasbeeninvitingafewselectentrepreneursjusttomoveinforafewdays,showofftheirproductsandhearwhattheresidentshavetosay.That’swhatbroughtDayleRodriguez,28,allthewayfromEnglandtothediningroomofBrookdaleSouthBayinTorrance,California.RodriguezisthecommunityandmarketingmanagerforacompanycalledSentab.Thestartup’sproduct,SentabTV,enablesolderadultswhomaynotbecomfortablewithcomputerstoaccessemail,videochatandsocialmediausingjusttheirtelevisionsandaremotecontrol.
精品欢迎下载可修改“It’snothingnew,it’snothingtoocomplicatedandit’snaturalbecauselotsofpeoplehaveTVremotes,”saysRodriguez.ButnoneofthatisthetopicofconversationintheBrookdalediningroom.Instead,Rodriguezsolicitsresidents’adviceonwhatheshouldgetonhischeeseburgerandhowheshouldspendtheafternoon.Playingcardswasontheagenda,aswellaslearningtoplaymahjong(麻将).Rodriguezsaysit’simportantthatresidentsheredon’tfeellikehe’ssellingthemsomething.“I’vehadmorefeedbackinapassiveapproach,”hesays.“Playingpool,playingcards,havingdinner,havinglunch,”allworkbetter“thangoingthroughasurveyofquestions.Whentheygettoknowmeandtotrustme,knowingforsureI’mnotsellingthemsomething—there’llbemorehonestfeedbackfromthem.”RodriguezisjusttheseventhentrepreneurtomoveintooneofBrookdale’s1,100seniorlivingcommunities.Othernewproductsintheprogramhaveincludedakindoffull-bodyblowdryerandspeciallydesignedclothingthatallowspeoplewithdisabilitiestodressandundressthemselves.MaryLouBusch,93,agreedtotrytheSentabsystem.hseShetellsRodriguezthatitmightbegoodforsomeone,butnotforher.“IhavethecomputerandFaceTime,whichItalkwithmyfamilyon,”sheexplains.ShealsohasaniPadandasmartphone.“SoIdoprettymucheverythingIneedtodo.”Tobefair,ifRodriguezhadwantedfeedbackfromsomemoretechnophobic(害怕技术的)seniors,hemighthaveendedupinthewrongBrookdalecommunity.ThisoneislocatedintheheartofSouthernCalifornia’saerospacecorridor.Manyresidentshavebackgroundsinengineering,businessandacademiccircles.ButRodriguezsayshe'sstilllearningsomethingimportantbymovingintothisBrookdalecommunity:“Peoplearemoretech-proficientthanwethought.”Andbesides,whereelsewouldhelearntoplaymahjong?51.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutthestartups?
精品欢迎下载可修改A)Theyneverlosetimeinupgradingproductsforseniors.B)Theywanttohaveashareoftheseniors’goodsmarket.C)Theyinviteseniorstotheircompaniestotrytheirproducts.D)Theytrytoprofitfrompromotingdigitalproductstoseniors.52.SomeentrepreneurshavebeeninvitedtoBrookdaletoA)haveaninterviewwithpotentialcustomersB)conductasurveyofretirementcommunitiesC)collectresidents’feedbackontheirproductsD)showseniorresidentshowtouseITproducts53.WhatdoweknowaboutSentabTV?A)ItisaTVprogramcateringtotheinterestoftheelderly.B)ItisadigitalTVwhichenjoyspopularityamongseniors.C)ItisaTVspeciallydesignedforseniorstoviewprograms.D)ItisacommunicationsystemviaTVinsteadofacomputer.54.WhatdoesRodriguezsayisimportantinpromotingproducts?A)Winningtrustfromprospectivecustomers.B)Knowingthelikesanddislikesofcustomers.C)Demonstratingtheirsuperiorityonthespot.D)Respondingpromptlytocustomerfeedback.
精品欢迎下载可修改55.WhatdowelearnabouttheseniorsintheBrookdalecommunity?A)MostofthemareinterestedinusingtheSentab.B)Theyarequiteateasewithhigh-techproducts.C)Theyhavemuchincommonwithseniorselsewhere.D)Mostofthemenjoyalongerlifethanaveragepeople.46-50BCADC51-55BCDABPartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.成语（Chineseidioms）是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。它们高度简练且形式固定，但通常能形象地表达深刻的含义。成语大多数来源于中国古代的文学作品，通常与某些神话、传说或者历史事件有关。如果不知道某个成语的出处，就很难理解其确切含义。因为，学习成语有助于人们更好地理解中国传统文化。成语在日常会话和文学创作中广泛使用。恰当使用成语可以使一个人的语言更具表现力，交流更有效。【译文】Chineseidioms,mostlymadeupoffourChinesecharacters,isauniqueexpressioninChinese.Despitetheirhighconcisenessandregularform,theycanusuallyvividlyexpressprofoundmeanings.Chineseidioms,mostlyoriginatingfromliteraryworksofancientChina,areusuallyrelatedtosomemyths,legendsorhistoricalevents.IfonehasnoideawhereChineseidiomscomefrom,itwillbedifficultforhimtounderstandtheirprecisemeaning.Therefore,learningChineseidiomshelpspeoplehaveabetterunderstandingofChinesetraditionalculture.Chineseidiomsarewidelyusedinthedailyconversationsandliterarycreation.Usingthemproperlycanenableone’slanguagemoreexpressive,andthusmakethecommunicationmoreeffective.【逐句解析】(1)成语(Chineseidioms)是汉语中的一种独特的表达方式，大多由四个汉字组成。
精品欢迎下载可修改【解析】考查一主多动词的翻译：同一个主语“成语”有两个动词“是”和“由…组成”，可以将“由组成”处理为非谓语动词。独特的：unique;表达方式：expression;由…组成：bemadeupof;汉字：Chinesecharacter【译文】Chineseidioms,mostlymadeupoffourChinesecharacters,isauniqueexpressioninChinese.(2)它们高度简练且形式固定，但通常能形象地表达深刻的含义。【解析】考查逻辑关系：前后句有明显的让步转折关系。“高度简练”和“形式固定”可以统一处理为名词词性：highconcisenessandregularform;形象地：vividly;深刻含义：profoundmeaning【译文】Despitetheirhighconcisenessandregularform,theycanusuallyvividlyexpressprofoundmeanings.(3)成语大多来源于中国古代的文学作品，通常与某些神话、传说或者历史事件有关。【解析】考查一主多动词的翻译：同一个主语“成语”有两个动词“来源于”和“与…有关”，可以将“来源于”处理为非谓语动词;来源于：originatefrom;文学作品：literature;中国古代：ancientChina;神话：myth;传说：legend;历史事件：historicalevent;与…有关：berelatedto【译文】Chineseidioms,mostlyoriginatingfromliteraryworksofancientChina,areusuallyrelatedtosomemyths,legendsorhistoricalevents.(4)如果不知道某个成语的出处，就很难理解其确切含义。【解析】考查缺主语的翻译，可补上“one”;“某个成语的出处”可译为“whereaChineseidiomcomesfrom”;考查it作形式主语的句型：“很难理解”译为itisdifficultforustounderstand;确切含义：precisemeaning【译文】IfonehasnoideawhereChineseidiomscomefrom,itwillbedifficultforhimtounderstandtheirprecisemeaning.(5)因此，学习成语有助于人们更好地理解中国传统文化。【解析】考查动名词作主语的翻译;更好理解：haveabetterunderstandingof;中国传统文化：Chinesetraditionalculture【参考答案】Therefore,learningChineseidiomshelpspeoplehaveabetterunderstandingofChinesetraditionalculture.
精品欢迎下载可修改(6)成语在日常会话和文学创作中广泛使用。【解析】考查被动结构：“广泛使用”译为：bewidelyused;日常会话：dailyconversation;文学创作：literarycreation【参考答案】Chineseidiomsarewidelyusedinthedailyconversationandtheliterarycreation.(7)恰当使用成语可以使一个人的语言更具有表现力，交流更有效。【解析】考查动名词作主语的翻译：“恰当使用成语”译为usingthemproperly;有表现力的：expressive;交流：communication;有效的：effective【参考答案】Usingthemproperlycanenableone’slanguagemoreexpressive,andthusmakethecommunicationmoreeffective.2019年6月大学英语六级考试真题及参考答案（第2套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmutualunderstandingandrespectininterpersonalrelationships.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.【参考范文】
精品欢迎下载可修改Whenitcomestointerpersonalrelationships,itisimportanttoshowmutualunderstandingandrespect.Itisapparentthatmutualunderstandingandrespectarecrucial.Hardlycananyoneachievesuccessinhiscareerwithoutthis.Whenweareintheworkplace,mutualunderstandingandrespectalsoshouldbeemphasized.Forexample,youmayhaveadifferentperspectiveonhowataskwillproceedwithyourcollege,ifyouunderstandthatitisnaturalthatpeoplecouldhavedifferentperspectivesbecauseofdiverseupbringingandeducation,quarrelscouldbeavoidedandasolutionmightbefound.Also,ifyourespectoneanotheratwork,automaticallyyouwillbeabletoearnrespectinreturn.Andoneofthebiggestbenefitsofrespectingoneanotherinworkplaceisthatyoubegintoimproverelationshipsandafriendlyandproductiveworkingenvironmentcanbecreated.Onthebasisoftheanalysisabove,wemaydrawaconclusionthatmutualunderstandingandrespectreallycountinthiscompetitivesociety.Hence,weshouldlearntorespectpeoplearoundus.【参考范文译文】相互理解与尊重在人际关系中起着非常重要的作用。理解与尊重的好处是显而易见的，在当下的环境中没有人可以在工作和事业中取得成功，如果缺少这种精神。比如，在工作中，对于一项工作你可能会和同事有不同的看法，但是如果你能够理解每个人由于成长过程不同，接受的教育不同，对待事物会有不同的看法，这是很自然的。如果能够相互理解和尊重，就可以避免冲突快递找到解决之道。还有一点就是你理解尊重别人，也会让别人理解尊重你。这样就能够有一个良好的工作环境。PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Asix-month-longnegotiation.
精品欢迎下载可修改B)Preparationsfortheparty.C)Aprojectwithatroublesomeclient.D)Giftwrappingforthecolleagues.2.A)Takeweddingphotos.B)Advertisehercompany.C)Startasmallbusiness.D)Throwacelebrationparty.3.A)Hesitant.B)Nervous.C)Flattered.D)Surprised.4.A)Startherownbakery.B)Improveherbakingskill.C)Sharehercookingexperience.D)Prepareforthewedding.Questions5to8arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theyhavetospendmoretimestudying.B)Theyhavetoparticipateinclubactivities.C)Theyhavetobemoreresponsibleforwhattheydo.
精品欢迎下载可修改D)Theyhavetochooseaspecificacademicdiscipline.6.A)Getreadyforacareer.B)Makealotoffriends.C)Setalong-termgoal.D)Behavelikeadults.7.A)Thosewhoshareheracademicinterests.B)Thosewhorespectherstudentcommitments.C)Thosewhocanhelpherwhensheisinneed.D)Thosewhogotothesameclubsasshedoes.8.A)Thosehelpfulfortappingtheirpotential.B)Thoseconducivetoimprovingtheirsocialskills.C)Thosehelpfulforcultivatingindividualinterests.D)Thoseconducivetotheiracademicstudies.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theybreakawayfromtraditionalwaysofthinking.B)Theyarepreparedtoworkharderthananyoneelse.
精品欢迎下载可修改C)Theyaregoodatrefiningoldformulas.D)Theybringtheirpotentialintofullplay.10.A)Theycontributedtothepopularityofskiingworldwide.B)Theyresultedinabrandnewstyleofskiingtechniques.C)Theypromotedthescientificuseofskiingpoles.D)Theymadeexplosivenewsinthesportsworld.11.A)Hewasrecognizedasageniusintheworldofsports.B)Hecompetedinallmajorskiingeventsintheworld.C)HewonthreegoldmedalsinoneWinterOlympics.D)Hebrokethreeworldskiingrecordsinthreeyears.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyappearrestless.B)Theyloseconsciousness.C)Theybecomeupset.D)Theydiealmostinstantly.13.A)Ithasaninstanteffectonyourbodychemistry.B)Itkeepsreturningtoyoueverynowandthen.C)Itleavesyouwithalonglastingimpression.D)Itcontributestotheshapingofyoumind.
精品欢迎下载可修改14.A)Tosucceedwhilefeelingirritated.B)Tofeelhappywithoutgoodhealth.C)Tobefreefromfrustrationandfailure.D)Toenjoygoodhealthwhileindarkmoods.15.A)Theyarecloselyconnected.B)Theyfunctioninasimilarway.C)Theyaretoocomplextounderstand.D)Theyreinforceeachotherconstantly.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theydifferintheirappreciationofmusic.B)Theyfocustheirattentionondifferentthings.C)Theyfingerthepianokeysindifferentways.D)Theychoosedifferentpiecesofmusictoplay.17.A)Theymanagetocooperatewellwiththeirteammates.B)Theyuseeffectivetacticstodefeattheircompetitors.C)Theytryhardtomeetthespectators’expectations.D)Theyattachgreatimportancetohighperformance.
精品欢迎下载可修改18.A)Itmarksabreakthroughinbehavioralscience.B)Itadoptsaconventionalapproachtoresearch.C)Itsupportsapieceofconventionalwisdom.D)Itgivesrisetocontroversyamongexperts.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)People’senvyofslimmodels.B)People’scrazeforgoodhealth.C)Theincreasingrangeoffancyproducts.D)Thegreatvarietyofslimmingproducts.20.A)Theyappearvigorous.B)Theyappearstrange.C)Theylookcharming.D)Theylookunhealthy.21.A)Cultureandupbringing.B)Wealthandsocialstatus.C)Peerpressure.D)Mediainfluence.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Therelationbetweenhairandskin.B)Thegrowinginterestinskinstudies.
精品欢迎下载可修改C)Thecolorofhumanskin.D)Theneedofskinprotection.23.A)Thenecessitytosaveenergy.B)Adaptationtothehotenvironment.C)Theneedtobreathewithease.D)Dramaticclimatechangesonearth.24.A)Leavesandgrass.B)Man-madeshelter.C)Theirskincoloring.D)Hairontheirskin.25.A)Theirgeneticmakeupbegantochange.B)Theircommunitiesbegantogrowsteadily.C)Theirchildrenbegantomixwitheachother.D)Theirpaceofevolutionbegantoquicken.【参考答案】1-5CABAC6-10DBDAB11-15CDADA16-20BDCDB21-25AABCAPartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
精品欢迎下载可修改Thedreamofpersonalisedflightisstillvividinthemindsofmanyinventors,somedevelopingcycle-poweredcraft,others26moneyintojetpacks(喷气飞行背包).However,theflyingcarhasalwaysremainedthe27symbolofpersonaltransportfreedom.Severalcompaniesaroundtheworldhaveproduced28thatcandriveonroadsandfly.Airbushasafuturisticmodular(组件式的)conceptinvolvingapassengercapsulethatcanbe29fromtheroad-goingchassis(底盘)andpickedupbyahelicopter-typemachine.Butalltheseconceptsaremassivelyexpensive,requiresafetycertificationstandardsforroadandair,need30controls,involvecomplexfoldingwingsandpropellers,andhavetobeflownfromair-strips.Sotheyarelikelytoremainrichpeople’splaythingsratherthanpracticaltransportsolutionsforthemasses.“AcarthattakesofffromsomeLondonstreetandlandsinanother31streetisunlikelytohappen,”saysProf.Gray,aleadingaeronauticalengineer.“Skytaxisaremuchmorelikely.”Butthatwon’tstopinventorsfromdreamingupnewwaystoflyandtryingtopersuadeinvestorstobacktheirsometimes32schemes.Civilianaviationisbeingdisrupted,notbytheage-olddesiresforspeed,romanticismand33,butbythepressingneedtorespondtoachangingclimate.Newelectricenginescoupledwithartificialintelligenceand34systemswillcontributetoamoreefficient,integratedtransportsystemthatislesspollutingandlessnoisy.Thatmaysoundsimple,butasProf.Graysays,“WhenItravelsomewhereIlikethisnotionthatwhenIfinishmyjourneyIfeelbetterthanwhenIstartedit.That’scompletelyat35withhowIfeeltoday.”Nowthatwouldbeprogress.A)autonomousI)pouringB)detachedj)prototypesC)dualK)random
精品欢迎下载可修改D)glamourL)repressingE)imminentM)segmentedF)oddsN)spectrumG)oppositesO)ultimateH)outrageous26-30IOJMC31-35KHDAFSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.CompaniesAreWorkingwithConsumerstoReduceWasteA)Asconsumers,weareverywasteful.Annually,theworldgenerates1.3billiontonsofsolidwaste.Thisisexpectedtogoupto2.2billionby2025.Thedevelopedcountriesareresponsiblefor44%ofwaste,andintheU.S.alone,theaveragepersonthrowsawaytheirbodyweightinrubbisheverymonth.B)Conventionalwisdomwouldseemtosuggestthatcompanieshavenoincentivetolengthenthelifecycleoftheirproductsandreducetherevenuetheywouldgetfromsellingnewgoods.Yet,moreandmorebusinessesarethinkingabouthowtoreduceconsumerwaste.Thisispartlydrivenbytherisingpriceofrawmaterialsandmetals.Itisalsopartlyduetobothconsumersandcompaniesbecomingmoreawareoftheneedtoprotectourenvironment.C)Whenchoosingwhatproductstobuyandwhichbrandstobuyfrom,moreandmoreconsumersarelookingintosustainability.Thisisopposedtojustpriceandperformancetheywereconcernedaboutinthepast.Inasurveyof54oftheworld’sleadingbrands,almostallofthemreportedthatconsumersareshowingincreasingcareaboutsustainablelifestyles.Atthesametime,surveysonconsumersintheU.S.andtheU.K.showthattheyalsocareaboutminimizingenergyuseandreducingwaste.
精品欢迎下载可修改D)Forthemostpart,consumerscontrolwhathappenstoaproduct.Butsomecompaniesarerealizingthatplacingtheburdenofrecyclingentirelyontheconsumerisnotaneffectivestrategy,especiallywhentossingsomethingawayseemsliketheeasiestandmostconvenientoption.E)Someretailersandmanufacturersintheclothing,footwear,andelectronicsindustrieshavelaunchedenvironmentalprograms.Theywanttomaketheircustomersinterestedinpreservingtheirproductsandpreventingthingsthatstillhavevaluefromgoingtothegarbagedump.Byofferingservicestohelpexpandthelongevityoftheirproducts,they’repromisingqualityanddurabilitytoconsumers,andreceivingthereputationalgainsforbeingenvironmentallyfriendly.F)Forexample,theSwedishjeanscompanyNudieJeansoffersfreerepairattwentyoftheirshops.Insteadofdiscardingtheiroldworn-outjeans,customersbringthemintoberenewed.Thecompanyevenprovidesmail-orderrepairkitsandonlinevideos,sothatcustomerscanlearnhowtofixapairofjeansathome.Theirphilosophyisthatextendingthelifeofapairofjeansisnotonlygreatfortheenvironment,butallowstheconsumertogetmorevalueoutoftheirproduct.Whencustomersdowanttotosstheirpair,theycangivethembacktothestore,whichwillrepurposeandresellthem.Anotherclothingcompany,Patagonia,ahigh-endoutdoorclothingstore,followsthesameprinciple.IthaspartneredwithDIYwebsiteiFixittoteachconsumershowtorepairtheirclothing,suchaswaterproofouterwear,athome.Thecompanyalsooffersarepairprogramfortheircustomersforamodestfee.Currently,Patagoniarepairsabout40,000garmentsayearintheirReno,Nevada,servicecenter.Accordingtothecompany’sCEO,RoseMarcario,thisisaboutbuildingacompanythatcaresabouttheenvironment.Atthesametime,offeringrepairsupportstheperceivedqualityofitsproducts.G)InBrazil,themultinationalcorporationAdidashasbeenrunningashoe-recyclingprogramcalled“SustainableFootprint”since2012.CustomerscanbringshoesofanybrandintoanAdidasstoretobeshreddedandturnedintoalternativefuelsforenergycreationinsteadofbeingburnedastrash.Theyareusedtofuelcementovens.Tomotivatevisitorstobringinmoreoldshoes,AdidasBrazilpromotestheprograminstoresbyshowingvideostoeducatecustomers,anditevenoffersadiscounteachtimeacustomerbringsinanoldpairofshoes.ThisbooststhereputationandimageofAdidasbymakingpeoplemoreawareofthecompany’svalues.H)Enormousopportunitiesalsoliewithe-waste.Itisestimatedthatin2014theworldproducedsome42millionmetrictonsofe-waste(discarded
精品欢迎下载可修改electricalandelectronicequipmentanditsparts)withNorthAmericaandEuropeaccountingfor8and12millionmetrictonsrespectively.Thematerialsfrome-wasteincludeiron,copper,gold,silver,andaluminummaterialsthatcouldbereused,resold,salvaged,orrecycled.Together,thevalueofthesemetalsisestimatedtobeabout$52billion.ElectronicsgiantslikeBestBuyandSamsunghaveprovidede-wastetake-backprogramsoverthepastfewyears,whichaimtorefurbish(翻新)oldelectroniccomponentsandpartsintonewproducts.I)Forothercompaniesinterestedinreducingwaste,helpingtheenvironment,andprovidingthesustainablelifestylesthatconsumersseek,herearesomefirststepsforbuildingarelationshipwithcustomersthatfocusesonrecyclingandrestoringvaluetoproducts:J)Findpartners.Ifyouareamanufacturerwhoreliesonoutsidedistributors,thenretailersaretheidealpartnerforcollectingoldproducts.PowertoolmakerDeWaltpartnerswithcompanies,suchasLowesandNapaAutoParts,tocollectoldtoolsattheirstoresforrecycling.Thepartnershipbenefitsbothsidesbyallowingunconventionalpartners(forexample,twocompaniesfromtwodifferentindustries)toworktogetheronaspecificaspectofthevaluechain,like,inthisexample,anenginefirmwithanaccessoryone.K)Createincentives.Environmentalconscientiousnessisn’talwaysenoughtomakecustomersrecycleoldgoods.Forinstance,DeWaltdiscoveredthatmanycontractorswereholdingontotheiroldtools,eveniftheynolongerworked,becausetheywereexpensivepurchasesanditwashardtojustifybringingthemintorecycle.Byofferinginstantdiscountsworthasmuchas$100,DeWaltlaunchedatrade-inprogramtoencouragepeopletobringbacktools.Asaresult,DeWaltnowreusesthosematerialstocreatenewproducts.L)Startwithatrialprogram,andexpecttochangethedetailsasyougo.Anytake-backprogramwilllikelychangeovertime,dependingonwhatworksforyourcustomersandcompanygoals.Maybeyouseelowcustomerparticipationatfirst,orconversely,somuchsuccessthatthecostofrecyclingbecomestoohigh.BestBuy,forinstance,hasbeenbearingthelion’sshareofe-wastevolumesincetwoofitslargestcompetitors,AmazonandWal-mart,donothavetheirownrecyclingprograms.Sincethelaunchofitsprogram,BestBuychangeditspolicytoadda$25feeforrecyclingoldtelevisionsinordertokeeptheprogramgoing.
精品欢迎下载可修改M)Buildacultureofcollectivevalueswithcustomers.Astrongerrelationshipbetweentheretailer/producerandtheconsumerisn’tjustaboutfinancialincentives.Bycreatingmoreawarenessaroundyoureffortstoreducewaste,andbydevelopingacultureofresponsibility,repair,andreuse,youcanbuildcustomerloyaltybasedonsharedvaluesandresponsibilities.N)Theseexamplesarejustthetipoftheiceberg,buttheydemonstratehowhelpingcustomersgetmoreuseoftheirmaterialscantransformvaluechainsandoperations.Reducingwastebyincorporatingusedmaterialsintoproductioncancutcostsanddecreasethepriceofprocurement(采购):lesstobeprocuredfromtheoutsideandmoretobere-utilizedfromtheinside.O)Companiesplayabigroleincreatingacirculareconomy,inwhichvalueisgeneratinglessfromextractingnewresourcesandmorefromgettingbetteruseoutoftheresourceswealreadyhave--buttheymustalsogetcustomersengagedintheprocess.36.Somecompaniesbelievethatproducts’prolongedlifespanbenefitsboththeenvironmentandcustomers.37.Asurveyshowsshopperstodayaregettingmoreconcernedaboutenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionwhendecidingwhattobuy.38.Companiescanbuildcustomerloyaltybycreatingapositivecultureofenvironmentalawareness.39.Whencompanieslaunchenvironmentalprograms,theywillhavetheirbrandreputationenhanced.40.Onemultinationalcompanyoffersdiscountstocustomerswhobringinoldfootweartobeusedasfuel.41.Recyclingusedproductscanhelpmanufacturersreduceproductioncosts.42.Electronicproductscontainvaluablemetalsthatcouldberecovered.
精品欢迎下载可修改43.Itseemscommonlybelievedthatcompaniesarenotmotivatedtoprolongtheirproducts’lifespan.44.Itisadvisableforcompaniestopartnerwitheachotherinproductrecycling.45.Somebusinesseshavebeguntorealizeitmaynotbeeffectivetoletconsumerstakefullresponsibilityforrecycling.36-40FCMGG41-45NHBJDSectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EffectiveFriday,ScreenActorsGuild-AmericanFederationofTelevisionandRadioArtists(SAG-AFTRA)hasdeclaredastrikeagainst11videogamepublishersovergamesthatwentintoproductionafterFeb.17,2015.Thecompaniesincludesomeoftheheavyweightsoftheindustry,likeElectronicArtsProductions,InsomniacGames,ActivisionandDisney.Thestrikecomesinlightofanunsuccessful19monthsofnegotiationsaftertheexistinglaborcontractknownastheInteractiveMediaAgreementexpiredinlate2014.overall,thestrikeisanefforttoprovidemoresecondarycompensationalongwithotherconcerns,suchastransparencyuponhiringtalentandon-set(制作中)safetyprecautions.Thevideogamingindustryhasballoonedinrecentyears.TheLosAngelesTimesreportsthattheindustryisinthemidstofanintenseincreaseincashflow.In2015,gamingproduced$23.5billionindomesticrevenue.ButSAG-AFTRAsaysvoiceactorsdon’treceiveresiduals(追加酬金)fortheirgamingwork.Instead,theyreceiveafixedrate,whichistypicallyabout$825forastandardfour-hourvocalsession.Sothevoiceactorsarepushingfortheideaofsecondarycompensation—aperformancebonuseverytimeagamesells2millioncopiesordownloads,orreaches2millionsubscribers,withacapat8million.
精品欢迎下载可修改“It’saverysmallnumberofgamesthatwouldtriggerthissecondarycompensationissue,”saidvoiceactorCrispinFreeman,who’samemberoftheunion’snegotiatingcommittee.“Thisisanimportantaspectofwhatitmeanstobeafreelance(从事自由职业的)performer,whoisn’tregularlyemployedeverysingledayworkingonprojects.”Anothermajorcomplaintfromtheactorsisthesecrecyoftheindustry.“Ican’timagineifthere’sanyotheractingjobintheworldwhereyoudon’tknowwhatshowyou’rein,whenyou’rehired,”saysvoiceactorKeytheFarley,whochairstheSAG-AFTRAnegotiatingcommittee.“Andyetthathappenseverydayinthevideogameworld,”FarleytoldreportersduringapressconferenceFriday.“IwasamaincharacterinFallout4,acharacterbythenameofKellogg,andIneverknewthatIwasdoingvocalrecordingforthatgamethroughouttheyearandahalf.”ScottWitlin,thelawyerrepresentingthevideogamecompanies,saysvoiceactors“representlessthanonetenthof1percentoftheworkthatgoesintomakingavideogame.”So“eventhoughthey’rethetopcraftsmenintheirfield,”Witlinsays,“ifwepaythemunderavastlydifferentsystemthanthepeoplewhodothe99.9percentofthework,that’sgoingtocreatefarmoreproblemsforthevideogamecompanies.”46.WhydidSAG-AFTRAdeclareastrikeagainstsomevideogamepublishers?A)Thelaborcontractbetweenthemhadbeenviolated.B)Itsappealtorenegotiatethecontracthadbeenrejected.C)Ithadbeencheatedrepeatedlyinthe19monthsoftalks.D)Thenegotiationsbetweenthemhadbrokendown.47.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthevideogamingindustry?A)Ithasreapedhugeprofitsinrecentyears.B)Ithasbecomemoreopenandtransparent.C)Ithasattractedmanyfamousvoiceactors.
精品欢迎下载可修改D)Ithasinvestedalotinitsdomesticmarket.48.Whatarethevoiceactorsdemanding?A)Moreregularemployment.B)Anon-discriminatorycontract.C)Extrapaybasedonsalesrevenues.D)Alimitonthemaximumworkhours.49.WhatdoesKeytheFarleysayaboutvoiceactors?A)Theyarekeptinthedarkaboutmanydetailsoftheirjob.B)Theyarediscriminatedagainstinthegamingindustry.C)Theyarenotpaidonaregularbasis.D)Theyarenotemployedfull-time.50.WhatistheargumentoflawyerScottWitlin?A)Voiceactorsshouldhaveapayraiseiftheyprovetobetopcraftsmen.B)Changingthepaysystemwouldcausetheindustrymoreproblems.C)Voiceactorsaremerecraftsmen,notprofessionalperformers.D)Payingvoiceactorsonanhourlybasisisinlinewiththelaw.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OfficialsattheWhiteHouseannouncedanewspacepolicyfocusedonmanagingtheincreasingnumberofsatellitesthatcompaniesandgovernmentsarelaunchingintospace.SpacePolicyDirective-3laysout
精品欢迎下载可修改generalguidelinesfortheUnitedStatestomitigate(缓解)theeffectsofspacedebrisandtrackandmanagetrafficinspace.ThispolicysetsthestagefortheDepartmentofCommercetotakeoverthemanagementoftrafficinspace.Thedepartmentwillmakesurethatnewlylaunchedsatellitesdon’tuseradiofrequenciesthatwouldinterferewithexistingsatellites,andschedulewhensuchnewsatellitescanbelaunched.ThisonlyappliestoAmericanspaceactivities,butthehopeisthatitwillhelpstandardizeasetofnormsinthedawningcommercialspaceflightindustrythroughouttheworld.Space,especiallythespacedirectlyaroundourplanet,isgettingmorecrowdedasmoregovernmentsandcompanieslaunchsatellites.Oneimpetusforthepolicyisthatcompaniesarealreadystartingtobuildmassiveconstellations(星座),comprisinghundredsorthousandsofsatelliteswithmanymovingpartsamongthem.Withsomuchstuffinspace,andalimitedareaaroundourplanet,thegovernmentwantstoreducethechancesofacollision.Twoormoresatellitesslammingintoeachothercouldcreatemanymoreout-of-controlbitsthatwouldposeevenmorehazardstothegrowingcollectionofsatellitesinspace.Andit’snotlikethishasn’thappenedbefore.In2009anoldRussiancraftslammedintoacommunicationssatellite,creatingacloudofhundredsofpiecesofdebrisandputtingotherhardwareatrisk.JournalistSarahScolesreportsthatNASAcurrentlytracksabout24,000objectsinspace,andin2016theAirForcehadtoissue3,995,874warningstosatelliteownersalertingthemtoapotentialnearbythreatfromanothersatelliteorbitofdebris.That’swhythisnewpolicyalsoincludesdirectionstoupdatethecurrentU.S.GovernmentOrbitalDebrisMitigationStandardPractices,whichalreadyrequireanyentitythatlaunchesasatelliteorspacecrafttovigorouslyanalyzethelikelihoodthatanyoftheiractions,fromanunexpectedfailureornormaloperations,willcreatemorespacedebris.Itincludesaccountingforanypieceofdebristheyplantoreleaseover5mmthatmightstayinorbitfor25yearsormore.Itmightseemsurprisingtothinkaboutanitemstayinginspaceforthatlong,buttheoldestsatellitestillinorbit-Vanguard1-turned60in2018.Agenciesandcompaniesthroughouttheworldareworkingondevelopingtechnologythatwoulddisposeoforcapturespacedebrisbeforeitcauses
精品欢迎下载可修改seriousdamage.Butfornow,theU.S.governmentismorefocusedonpreventingnewdebrisfromformingthantakingthetrashoutoforbit.51.WhatisthepurposeofthenewU.S.spacepolicy?A)Tolayoutgeneralguidelinesforspaceexploration.B)Toencouragecompaniestojoininspaceprograms.C)Tomakethebestuseofsatellitesinspace.D)Toimprovetrafficconditionsinspace.52.WhatistheDepartmentofCommerceexpectedtodounderthenewpolicy？A)Reducedebrisinspace.B)Monitorsatelliteoperations.C)Regulatethelaunchingofnewsatellites.D)Updatesatellitecommunicationstechnology.53.WhatdoestheU.S.governmenthopetodowiththenewspacepolicy?A)Setinternationalstandardsforthespaceflightindustry.B)Monopolizespaceindustrybydevelopingasetofnorms.C)Facilitatecommercialspaceflightsthroughouttheworld.D)Promoteinternationalcollaborationinspaceexploration.54.WhatisaspacevehiclelaunchingentityrequiredtodoaccordingtothecurrentU.S.GovernmentOrbitalDebrisMitigationStandardPractices?A)Giveanestimateofhowlongitsdebriswillstayinspace.
精品欢迎下载可修改B)Accountforthedebrisithasreleasedintospaceatanytime.C)Provideadetailedplanformanagingthespacedebrisitcreates.D)Makeathoroughanalysisofanypossibleadditiontospacedebris.55.Whatarespaceagenciesandcompaniesaimingtodoatpresent?A)Recycleusedspacevehiclesbeforetheyturnintodebris.B)Developtechnologytoaddressthespacedebrisproblem.C)Limittheamountofdebrisenteringspace.D)Cooperatecloselytoretrievespacedebris.【参考答案】46-50DACAB51-55DCADBPartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。汉语与西方语言的一个重要区别在于它是以方块字（character）而不是以字母构成的。目前仍在使用的书写系统中，汉语是最古老的。在中国，来自不同地区的人可能听不懂对方的方言，但由于汉子有统一的书写形式，他们交流起来几乎没有任何困难。汉语历史上对团结中华民族发挥了重要作用。今天，随着中国经济的快速增长和全球影响力的增强，越来越多其他国家的人也开始学习汉语。【参考译文】ThenumberofpeoplewhotakeChineseastheirnativelanguageislargestaroundtheworld.OneimportantdifferencebetweenChineseandwesternlanguageisthatitiscomposedofcharacterratherthanletters.Chineseistheoldestwritingsystemstillinuse.InChina,peoplefromdifferentregionsmaynotunderstandeachother’sdialects,butthecharactershaveastandardwritingstyle,theyhavealmostnodifficultyincommunicating.TheChineselanguagehasplayedanimportantroleinunitingtheChinesenationinhistory.Today,withChina’srapideconomicgrowthandgrowingglobalinfluence,moreandmorepeoplefromothercountriesarelearningChinese.
精品欢迎下载可修改【逐句精析】1.汉语现在是世界上用作本族语人数最多的语言。【解析】主干：汉语是语言。修饰：时间副词;世界上;用作本族语人数最多的要点：定语“用作本族语人数最多的”，根据理解，简化为“被最多的人看作本族语”，用定从非谓翻译。“用作”可以看成“是”;“被认为”“被当成”。【译文】译1：Nowadays,Chineseisakindoflanguagethatisregardedasthenativelanguagebymostpeopleintheworld.译2：Currently,Chineseisthelanguagewiththelargestnumberofnativespeakersintheworld.2.汉语与西方语言的一个重要区别在于它是以方块字(character)而不是以字母构成的。【解析】要点1：先译主干，再译修饰要点2：由……构成：becomposedof;consistof;constitute而不是：insteadof;ratherthan【译文】AgreatdifferencebetweenChineseandwesternlanguagesisthatChineseiscomposedofcharactersinsteadofletters.3.目前仍在使用的书写系统中,汉语是最古老的。【解析】要点：定语、状语的翻译;三者及以上之间：among【译文】译1：Chineseistheoldestamongthecurrentwritingsystemsthat
精品欢迎下载可修改arestillinuse.译2：Chineseistheoldestamongthewritingsystemswhichhavestillbeenuseduntiltoday.译3：Chineseistheoldestwritingsystemstillinuse.4.在中国,来自不同地区的人可能听不懂对方的方言,但由于汉字有统一的书写形式,他们交流起来几乎没有任何困难。【解析】要点：词语的翻译：方言：dialects;统一的：unified;书写形式：writingform【译文】译1：Peoplefromdifferentregionsmaynotunderstandeachother'sdialectsinChina.However,theyhavealmostnodifficultyincommunicating,becauseChinesecharactershaveaunifiedwritingstyle.译2：Peoplefromdifferentregionsmaynotunderstandeachother'sdialectsinChina.However,theyhardlyhavedifficultyincommunicatingsinceChinesecharactershaveaunifiedwritingform.5.汉语历史上对团结中华民族发挥了重要作用。【解析】要点：发挥重要作用：beofvitalimportance/significancefor/bevitallyimportantfor/becomeanessentialpartfor/playasignificantrolein/occupyanimportantpositionin要点：多多积累高频表达【译文】译1：ChinesehasplayedanimportantroleinunitingtheChinesenation.译2：ChinesehasoccupiedanimportantpositioninunitingtheChinesenationinhistory.6.今天,随着中国经济的快速增长和全球影响力的增强,越来越多其他国家
精品欢迎下载可修改的人也开始学汉语。【解析】要点：with结构要点：多多积累高频表达【译文】译1：Today,withtherapidgrowthofChina'seconomyandglobalinfluence,moreandmorepeoplefromothercountrieshavebeguntolearnChinese.译2：Currently,accompaniedbyChina'sboomingeconomyandincreasingglobalinfluence,agrowingnumberofpeoplefromothercountrieshavebeguntolearnChinese.【全文译文】[普通版]Nowadays,Chineseisakindoflanguagethatisregardedasthenativelanguagebymostpeopleintheworld.AgreatdifferencebetweenChineseandwesternlanguagesisthatChineseiscomposedofcharactersinsteadofletters.Chineseistheoldestamongthecurrentwritingsystemsthatarestillinuse.Peoplefromdifferentregionsmaynotunderstandeachother'sdialectsinChina.However,theyhavealmostnodifficultyincommunicating,becauseChinesecharactershaveaunifiedwritingstyle.ChinesehasanimportantpositioninunitingtheChinesenationinhistory.Today,withtherapidgrowthofChina'seconomyandglobalinfluence,moreandmorepeoplefromothercountrieshavebeguntolearnChinese.[高分版]Currently,Chineseisthelanguagewiththelargestnumberofnativespeakersintheworld.AgreatdifferencebetweenChineseandwesternlanguagesisthatChineseiscomposedofcharactersratherthanletters.Chineseistheoldestwritingsystemstillinuse.Peoplefromdifferentregionsmaynotunderstandeachother'sdialectsinChina.However,theyhardlyhavedifficultyincommunicatingsinceChinesecharactershaveaunifiedwritingform.ChinesehasplayedanimportantroleinunitingtheChinesenation.Currently,agrowingnumberofpeoplefromothercountrieshavebeguntolearnChineseaccompaniedbyChina'sboomingeconomyandincreasingglobalinfluence.
精品欢迎下载可修改2019年6月英语六级考试真题及参考答案（第3套）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofteamspiritandcommunicationintheworkplace.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.【参考范文】TheImportanceofTeamSpiritandCommunicationintheWorkplaceWhenitcomestotheteamspiritandcommunication,allofusoughttoseeitinperspective.Fortunately,withthesocietycommercializingandcompetitionbecomingfierce,asubstantialnumberofpeoplearepayingdueattentiontoit.Itisapparentthatwearesupposedtobeawareoftheimportanceofteamspiritandcommunication,especiallyinworkplace.Hardlycananyoneachievesuccessinhiscareerwithouttheassistanceofhiscolleaguesandcommunicationwithhispartners.Asgrowsincreasinglyfierce,wemustdefeatourrivalsthroughpowerfulteamwork.TakebasketballstarYaoMingforanexample.Hecanslamtheducksmartlybecauseallhisteammatescontributemoreorlesstohisoutstandingperformance.Ifweworkseparately,wewillbeconfinedtofrailmindsandlimitedresources.Onthebasisoftheanalysisabove,wemaydrawaconclusionthatteamspiritandcommunicationreallycountinthiscompetitivesociety.Therefore,weshouldassociateourselvesharmoniouslywithourcompanionsineveryattempttowardsourgoals.Inaddition,itisindispensableto
精品欢迎下载可修改trainourkidsfrequentlytointeractsmoothlywithothersinateam.Asthefrequently-quotedproverbgoes,unityisstrength.【参考译文】当谈到团队精神和沟通，我们所有人都应该正确看待它。幸运的是，随着社会的商业化和竞争的日益激烈，很多人对此给予了应有的重视。很明显，我们应该意识到团队精神和沟通的重要性，尤其是在工作场所，更是如此。没有同事的帮助和与合作伙伴的沟通，任何人都不可能在事业上取得成功。随着竞争的日益激烈，我们必须通过强大的团队合作打败对手。以篮球明星姚明为例，他能把球打得很漂亮，因为他所有的队友或多或少都对他出色的表现做出了贡献。如果我们不与其他人合作及沟通的话，我们将被限制在脆弱的思想和有限的资源中。基于以上分析，我们可以得出结论，在这个竞争激烈的社会中，团队精神和沟通真的很重要。因此，我们应该与我们的伙伴和谐相处，为我们的目标而努力。此外，经常训练我们的孩子在团队中与他人顺畅互动是必不可少的。常言道，团结就是力量。PartⅡListeningComprehension(30minutes)说明：由于2019年6月六级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Steelisvaluedforitsreliability,butnotwhenitgetscold.Mostformsofsteel26becomebrittle(脆的)attemperaturesbelowabout-25℃unlesstheyaremixedwithothermetals.Now,though,anoveltypeofsteelhasbeendevelopedthatresists27atmuchlowertemperatures,whileretainingitsstrengthandtoughness-withouttheneedforexpensive28.
精品欢迎下载可修改Steel'sfragilityatlowtemperaturesfirstbecameamajorconcernduringtheSecondWorldWar.AfterGermanU-boatstorpedoed(用鱼雷攻击)numerousBritishships,a2700-strongfleetofcheap-and-cheerful“Libertyships”wasintroducedtoreplacethelostvessels,providingalifelineforthe29British.Butthesteelshellsofhundredsoftheships30intheicynorthAtlantic,and12brokeinhalfandsank.Brittlenessremainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteelstructuresincoldconditions,suchasoilrigsintheArctic.Soscientistshave31tofindasolutionbymixingitwithexpensivemetalssuchasnickel.YuujiKimuraandcolleaguesinJapantriedamorephysical32Ratherthanaddingothermetals,theydevelopedacomplexmechanicalprocessinvolvingrepeatedheatingandveryseveremechanicaldeformation,knownastempforming.Theresultingsteelappearstoachieveacombinationofstrengthandtoughnessthatis33tothatofmodemsteelsthatareveryrichinalloycontentand,therefore,veryexpensive.Kimura'steamintendstouseitstempformedsteeltomakeultra-highstrengthparts,suchasbolts.Theyhopetoreduceboththenumberof34neededinaconstructionjobandtheirweight-byreplacingsolidsupportswith35tubes,forexample.Thiscouldreducetheamountofsteelneededtomakeeverythingfromautomobilestobuildingsandbridges.A)abruptlyI)crackedB)additivesJ)fracturesC)approachK)hollowD)ardentlyL)relevantE)besiegedM)reshuffledF)channelN)strivedG)comparableO)violent
精品欢迎下载可修改H)components26-30AJBEI31-35NCGHKSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Thefutureofpersonalsatellitetechnologyishere-arewereadyforit?A)Satellitesusedtobetheexclusiveplaythingsofrichgovernmentsandwealthycorporations.Butincreasingly,asspacebecomesmoredemocratized,theyarecomingwithinreachofordinarypeople.Justlikedrones(无人机)beforethem,miniaturesatellitesarebeginningtofundamentallytransformourconceptionsofwhogetstodowhatupaboveourheads.B)AsarecentreportfromtheNationalAcademyofScienceshighlights,thesesatellitesholdtremendouspotentialformakingsatellite-basedsciencemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,asthecostofgettingyourownsatelliteinorbitdropssharply,therisksofirresponsibleusegrow.Thequestionhereisnolonger“Canwe?”but“Shouldwe?”Whatarethepotentialdownsidesofhavingasliceofspacedenselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeledas“professionals”?Andwhatwouldtheresponsibleandbeneficialdevelopmentanduseofthistechnologyactuallylooklike?Someoftheanswersmaycomefromanonprofitorganizationthathasbeenbuildingandlaunchingamateursatellitesfornearly50years.C)Havingyourpersonalsatellitelaunchedintoorbitmightsoundlikeanideastraightoutofsciencefiction.Butoverthepastfewdecadesauniqueclassofsatelliteshasbeencreatedthatfitsthebill:CubeSats.The“Cube”heresimplyreferstothesatellite'sshape.ThemostcommonCubeSatisa10cmcube,sosmallthatasingleCubeSatcouldeasilybemistakenforapaperweightonyourdesk.Thesemini-satellitescanfitinalaunchvehicle'sformerly“wastedspace.”MultiplescanbedeployedincombinationformorecomplexmissionsthancouldbeachievedbyoneCubeSatalone.D)Withintheircompactbodiestheseminutesatellitesareabletohousesensorsandcommunicationsreceivers/transmittersthatenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromspace,aswellasspacearoundEarth.They'reprimarily
精品欢迎下载可修改designedforLowEarthOrbit(LEO)-aneasilyaccessibleregionofspacefromaround200to800milesaboveEarth,wherehuman-tendedmissionsliketheHubbleSpaceTelescopeandtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS)hangout.Buttheycanattainmoredistantorbits;NASAplansformostofitsfutureEarth-escapingpayloads(tothemoonandMarsespecially)tocarryCubeSats.E)Becausethey'resosmallandlight,itcostsmuchlesstogetaCubeSatintoEarth'sorbitthanatraditionalcommunicationsorGPSsatellite.Forinstance,aresearchgrouphereatArizonaStateUniversityrecentlyclaimedtheirdevelopmentalsmallCubeSatscouldcostaslittleas$3,000toputinorbit.Thisdecreaseincosta11owsresearchers,hobbyistsandevenelementaryschoolgroupstoputsimpleinstrumentsintoLEOorevenhavingthemdeployedfromtheISS.F)ThefirstCubeSatwascreatedintheearly2000s,asawayofenablingStanfordgraduatestudentstodesign,build,testandoperateaspacecraftwithsimilarcapabilitiestotheUSSR'sSputnik(前苏联的人造卫星).Sincethen,NASA,theNationalReconnaissanceOfficeandevenBoeinghavealllaunchedandoperatedCubeSats.Therearcmorethan130currentlyinoperation.TheNASAEducationalLaunchofNanoSatelliteprogram,whichoffersfreelaunchesforeducationalgroupsandsciencemissions,isnowopentoU.S.nonprofitcorporationsaswell.Clearly,satellitesarenotjustforrocketscientistsanymore.G)TheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportemphasizesCubeSats'importanceinscientificdiscoveryandthetrainingoffuturespacescientistsandengineers.YetitalsoacknowledgesthatwidespreaddeploymentofLEOCubeSatsisn'trisk-flee.Thegreatestconcerntheauthorsraiseisspacedebris-piecesof“junk”thatorbittheearth,withthepotentialtocauseseriousdamageiftheycollidewithoperationalunits,includingtheISS.H)Currently,therearen'tmanyCubeSatsandthey'retrackedclosely.YetasLEOopensuptomoreamateursatellites,theymayposeanincreasingthreat.Asthereportauthorspointout,evennear-missesmightleadtothe“creationofaburdensomeregulatoryframeworkandaffectthefuturedispositionofscienceCubeSats.”I)CubeSatresearcherssuggestthatnow'sthetimetoponderunexpectedandunintendedpossibleconsequencesofmorepeoplethaneverhavingaccesstotheirownsmallsliceofspace.InanerawhenyoucansimplybuyaCubeSatkitofftheshelf,howcanwetrustthesatellitesoverourheadsweredevelopedwithgoodintentionsbypeoplewhoknewwhattheyweredoing?Some“expertamateurs”inthesatellitegamecouldprovidesomeinspirationforhowtoproceedresponsibly.J)In1969,theRadioAmateurSatelliteCorporation(AMSAT)wascreatedinordertofosterhamradioenthusiasts'(业余无线电爱好者)participationinspaceresearchandcommunication.Itcontinuedthe
精品欢迎下载可修改efforts,begunin1961,byProjectOSCAR-aU.S.-basedgroupthatbuiltandlaunchedtheveryfirstnongovernmentalsatellitejustfouryearsafterSputnik.Asanorganizationofvolunteers,AMSATwasputting“amateur”satellitesinorbitdecadesbeforethecurrentCubeSatcraze.Andovertime,itsmembershavelearnedathingortwoaboutresponsibility.Here,open.sourcedevelopmenthasbeenacentralprinciple,Withintheorganization,AMSAThasaphilosophyofopensourcingeverythingmakingtechnicaldataonallaspectsoftheirsatellitesfullyavailabletoeveryoneintheorganization,andwhenpossible,thepublic.AccordingtoamemberoftheteamresponsibleforFOX1-A,AMSAT'sfirstCubeSat,thismeansthattheresnowaytosneaksomethinglikeexplosivesoranenergyemitterintoanamateursatellitewheneveryonehasaccesstothedesignsandimplementation.K)However,they'remorecautiousaboutsharinginformationwithnonmembers,astheorganizationguardsagainstothersdevelopingtheabilitytohijackandtakecontroloftheirsatellites.Thisformof“self-governance”ispossiblewithinlong-standingamateurorganizationsthat,overtime,areabletobuildasenseofresponsibilitytocommunitymembers,aswellassocietyingeneral.Butwhathappenswhennewplayersemerge,whodon'thavedeeprootswithintheexistingculture?L)Hobbyistsandstudentsaregainingaccesstotechnologieswithoutbeingpartofalong-standingamateurestablishment.They'restillconstrainedbyfunders,launchprovidersandaseriesofregulations-allofwhichreininwhatCubeSatdeveloperscanandcannotdo.Butthere'sadangerthey'reill-equippedtothinkthroughpotentialunintendedconsequences.Whattheseunintendedconsequencesmightbeisadmittedlyfarfromclear.Yetweknowinnovatorscanberemarkablycreativewithtakingtechnologiesinunexpecteddirections.Thinkofsomethingasseeminglybenignasthecellphone-wehavemicrofinanceandtext-basedsocialnetworkingatoneendofthespectrum,andimprovised(临时制作的)explosivedevicesattheother.M)ThisiswhereacultureofsocialresponsibilityaroundCubeSatsbecomesimportant-notsimplytoensurethatphysicalrisksareminimized,buttoengagewithamuchlargercommunityinanticipatingandmanaginglessobviousconsequencesofthetechnology.Thisisnotaneasytask.Yetthe'evidencefromAMSATandotherareasoftechnologydevelopmentsuggeststhatresponsibleamateurcommunitiescananddoemergearoundnoveltechnologies.Thechallengehere,ofcourse,isensuringthatwhatanamateurcommunitiesconsiderstoberesponsible,actuallyis.Here'swherethereneedstobeamuchwiderpublicconversationthatextendsbeyondgovernmentagenciesandscientificcommunitiestoincludestudents,hobbyists,andanyonewhomaypotentiallystandtobeaffectedbytheuseofCubeSattechnology.
精品欢迎下载可修改36.Giventheeasieraccessibilitytospace,itistimetothinkabouthowtopreventmisuseofsatellites.37.Agroupofmini-satellitescanworktogethertoaccomplishmorecomplextasks.38.Thegreateraccessibilityofmini-satellitesincreasestherisksoftheirirresponsibleuse.39.EvenschoolpupilscanhavetheirCubeSatsputinorbitowingtotheloweredlaunchingcost.40.AMSATiscarefulaboutsharinginformationwithoutsiderstopreventhijackingoftheirsatellites.41.NASAofferstolaunchCubeSatsfreeofchargeforeducationalandresearchpurposes.42.Evenwithconstraints,itispossibleforsomecreativedeveloperstotaketheCubeSattechnologyindirectionsthatresultinharmfuloutcomes.43.Whilemakingsignificantcontributionstospacescience,CubeSatsmayposehazardstootherspacevehicles.44.Mini-satellitesenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromLEOandspacearoundit.45.AMSAToperatesontheprincipleofhavingallitstechnicaldataaccessibletoitsmembers,preventingtheabuseofamateursatellites.36-40MCBEK41-45FLGDJSectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
精品欢迎下载可修改PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenIre-enteredthefull-timeworkforceafewyearsagoafteradecadeofsolitaryself-employment,therewasonethingIwaslookingforwardtothemost:theopportunitytohaveworkfriendsonceagain.Itwasn’tuntilIenteredthecorporateworldthatIrealized,formeatleast,beingfriendswithcolleaguesdidn’temergeasapriorityatall.Thisissurprisingwhenyouconsidertheprevailingemphasisbyscholarsandtrainersandmanagersontheimportanceofcultivatingcloseinterpersonalrelationshipsatwork.Somuchresearchhasexploredthewayinwhichcollegial(同事的)tiescanhelpovercomearangeofworkplaceissuesaffectingproductivityandthequalityofworkoutputsuchasteam-basedconflict,jealousy,undermining,anger,andmore.Perhapsmyexpectationsoflunches,water-coolergossipandcaring,deep-and-meaningfulconversationswerealegacyofthelasttimeIwasinthatkindofofficeenvironment.Whereasnow,asIneartheendofmyfourthdecade,Irealizeworkcanbefullyfunctionalandentirelyfulfillingwithoutneedingtobebestmateswiththepeoplesittingnexttoyou.Inanacademicanalysisjustpublishedintheprofoundly-respectedJournalofManagement,researchershavelookedattheconceptof“indifferentrelationships”.It’sasimpletermthatencapsulates(概括)thefactthatrelationshipsatworkcanreasonablybenon-intimate,inconsequential,unimportantandeven,dareIsayit,disposableorsubstitutable.Indifferentrelationshipsareneitherpositivenornegative.Thelimitedresearchconductedthusfarindicatesthey’reespeciallydominantamongthosewhovalueindependenceovercooperation,andharmonyoverconfrontation.Indifferenceisalsothepreferredoptionamongthosewhoaresociallylazy.Maintainingrelationshipsoverthelongtermtakeseffort.Forsomeofus,toomucheffort.Asnotedabove,indifferentrelationshipsmaynotalwaysbethemosthelpfulapproachinresolvingsomeoftheissuesthatpopupatwork.Buttherearenonethelessseveralempiricallyprovenbenefits.Oneofthoseisefficiency.Lesstimechattingandsocializingmeansmoretimeworkingandchurning(产出).
精品欢迎下载可修改Theotherisself-esteem.Ashumanbeings,we’reprimedtocompareourselvestoeachotherinwhatisananxiety-inducingphenomenon.Apparently,welookdownonacquaintancesmoresothanfriends.Sincetheformerismostcommonamongthoseinclinedtowardsindifferentrelationships,theirpredominancecanbolsterindividuals’senseofself-worth.Egoaside,athirdadvantageisthattheemotionalneutralityofindifferentrelationshipshasbeenfoundtoenhancecriticalevaluation,tostrengthenone’sfocusontaskresolution,andtogaingreateraccesstovaluableinformation.Noneofthatmightbeasfunasafter-worksocializingbut,hey,I’lltakeitanyway.46.Whatdidtheauthorrealizewhenhere-enteredthecorporateworld?A)Makingnewfriendswithhisworkmateswasnotaseasyashehadanticipated.B)Cultivatingpositiveinterpersonalrelationshipshelpedhimexpelsolitaryfeelings.C)Workinginthecorporateworldrequiresmoreinterpersonalskillsthanself-employment.D)Buildingcloserelationshipswithhiscolleagueswasnotasimportantashehadexpected.47.Whatdowelearnfrommanystudiesaboutcollegialrelationships?A)Inharmoniousrelationshipshaveanadverseeffectonproductivity.B)Harmoniousrelationshipsarewhatmanycompaniesaimtocultivate.C)Closecollegialrelationshipscontributeverylittletoproductquality.D)Conflictingrelationshipsintheworkplaceexistalmosteverywhere.48.Whatcanbeinferredaboutrelationshipsatworkfromanacademicanalysis?A)Theyshouldbecultivated.
精品欢迎下载可修改B)Theyarevirtuallyirrelevant.C)Theyarevitaltocorporateculture.D)Theyshouldbereasonablyintimate.49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplewhoaresociallylazy?A)TheyfeelUncomfortablewhenengaginginsocialinteractions.B)Theyoftenfindthemselvesinconfrontationwiththeircolleagues.C)TheyareunwillingtomakeeffortstomaintainWorkplacerelationships.D)Theylackbasiccommunicationskillsindealingwithinterpersonalissues.50.Whatisoneofthebenefitsofindifferentrelationships?A)TheyprovidefunatWork.B)Theyhelpcontrolemotions.C)Theyhelpresolvedifferences.D)TheyimproveWorkefficiency.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inafewdecades,artificialintelligence(AI)willsurpassmanyoftheabilitiesthatwebelievemakeusspecial.Thisisagrandchallengeforourageanditmayrequirean“irrational”response.OneofthemostsignificantpiecesofnewsfromtheUSinearly2017wastheeffortsofGoogletomakeautonomousdrivingareality.Accordingtoareport,Google’sself-drivingcarsclocked1,023,330krn,andrequiredhumanintervention124times.Thatisoneinterventionaboutevery8,047kmofautonomousdriving.Butevenmoreimpressiveistheprogressinjustasingleyear:humaninterventionsfellfrom0.8timesperthousandmiles
精品欢迎下载可修改to0.2,a400%improvement.Withsuchprogress,Google’scarswilleasilysurpassmyowndrivingabilitylaterthisyear.Drivingonceseemedtobeaveryhumanskill.Butwesaidthataboutchess,too.Thenacomputerbeatthehumanworldchampion,repeatedly.TheboardgameGo(围棋)tookoverfromchessasanewtestforhumanthinkingin2016,whenacomputerbeatoneoftheworld’sleadingprofessionalGoplayers.Withcomputersconqueringwhatusedtobedeeplyhumantasks,whatwillitmeaninthefuturetobehuman?Iworryaboutmysix-year-oldson.Whatwillhisplacebeinaworldwheremachinesbeatusinoneareaafteranother?He’llnevercalculatefaster,neverdrivebetter,orevenflymoresafely.Actually,itallcomesdowntoafairlysimplequestion:What’ssospecialaboutus?Itcan’tbeskillslikearithmetic,whichmachinesalreadyexcelin.Sofar,machineshaveaprettyhardtimeemulatingcreativity,arbitraryenoughnottobepredictedbyacomputer,andyetmorethansimplerandomness.Perhaps,ifwecontinuetoimproveinformation-processingmachines,we’llsoonhavehelpfulrationalassistants.Sowemustaimtocomplementtherationalityofthemachine,ratherthantocompetewithit.IfI'mright,weshouldfosteracreativespiritbecauseadoseofillogicalcreativitywillcomplementtherationalityofthemachine.Unfortunately,however,oureducationsystemhasnotcaughtuptotheapproachingreality.Indeed,ourschoolsanduniversitiesarestructuredtomouldpupilstobemostlyobedientservantsofrationality,andtodevelopoutdatedskillsininteractingwithoutdatedmachines.Weneedtohelpourchildrenlearnhowtobestworkwithsmartcomputerstoimprovehumandecision-making.Butmostofallweneedtokeepthelong-termperspectiveinmind:thatevenifcomputerswilloutsmartus,wecanstillbethemostcreative.Becauseifwearen’t,wewon’tbeprovidingmuchvalueinfutureecosystems,andthatmayputinquestionthefoundationforourexistence.51.Whatistheauthor’sgreatestconcernabouttheuseofAI?A)Computersareperforminglotsofcreativetasks.B)Manyabilitieswillceasetobeuniquetohumanbeings.C)Computersmaybecomemorerationalthanhumans.D)Manyhumanskillsarefastbecomingoutdated.
精品欢迎下载可修改52.WhatimpressestheauthormostinthefieldofAI?A)Google’sexperimentaldriverlesscarsrequirelittlehumanintervention.B)Google’scarshavesurpassedhisdrivingabilityinjustasingleyear.C)Googlehasmadehugeprogressinautonomousdrivinginashorttime.D)Googlehasbecomeaworldleaderinthefieldofautonomousdriving.53.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcreativity?A)Itisrational.B)Itispredictable.C)Itishumanspecific.D)ItisyettobeemulatedbyAI.54.WhatshouldschoolshelpchildrendointheeraofAI?A)Cultivateoriginalthinking.B)Learntoworkindependently.C)Competewithsmartmachines.D)UnderstandhowAIworks.55.Howcanwehumansjustifyourfutureexistence?A)ByconstantlyoutsmartingComputers.B)Byadoptingalong-termperspective.C)ByrationallyCOmpromisingwithAI.D)Byprovidingvaluewithourcreativity.
精品欢迎下载可修改【参考答案】46-50DABCD51-55BCDADPartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。方言在发音上差别很大，词汇和语法差别较小。有些方言，特别是北方和南方的方言，差异很大，以致于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分，但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。为了鼓励人们更多说本地语言，一些地方政府已经采取措施，如在学校开设方言课，在广播和电视上播放方言节目，以期保存本地的文化遗产。【参考译文】Chinaisacountrywithvastterritoryandlargepopulation.Peoplespeaktheirowndialectsinmanyplaces.Dialectshavegreaterdifferencesinpronunciationbutlessdifferencesinvocabularyandgrammar.Somedialects,especiallythoseofnorthandsouth,aresodifferentthatpeoplewhospeakdifferentdialectscanhardlyunderstandeachother.Dialectsareregardedasacomponentoflocalculture,whilethenumberofpeoplewhocouldspeakdialectshasbeendecreasinginrecentyears.Inordertoencouragepeopletospeaklocaldialectsmoreoften,somelocalgovernmentshavetakenmeasurestoconservelocalculturalheritagesuchasofferingdialectclassesinschoolsandbroadcastingdialectprogramsonradioandtelevision.【逐句解析】1.中国幅员辽阔，人口众多，很多地方人们都说自己的方言。
精品欢迎下载可修改【解析】第一句含有两个简单句，幅员辽阔用vastterritory来描述，此外人口众多所采用的形容词一般为large。此外，方言这一个单词要用“dialect”这个单词来表达;【译文】Chinaisacountrywithvastterritoryandlargepopulation.Peoplespeaktheirowndialectsinmanyplaces.2.方言在发音上差别最大，词汇和语法差别较小。【解析】第二句是一个主谓宾结构，找出两个并列结构之间是较大和较小的差别，然后就能够找出主干结构进行翻译;【译文】Dialectshavegreaterdifferencesinpronunciationbutlessdifferencesinvocabularyandgrammar.3.有些方言，特别是北方和南方的方言，差异很大，以至于说不同方言的人常常很难听懂彼此的讲话。【解析】第三句断句居多，但整体来看是一个复合句，由so….that可以把两句话连起来，然后在中间放入一个表示地点的介词短语的插入语即可，that从句中可以用hardly来表达否定意义;【译文】Somedialects,especiallythoseofnorthandsouth,aresodifferentthatpeoplewhospeakdifferentdialectscanhardlyunderstandeachother.
精品欢迎下载可修改4.方言被认为是当地文化的一个组成部分，但近年来能说方言的人数不断减少。【解析】第四句是一个并列句，前一句需要使用被动语态，而but后面一句为表达出“不断”这个概念，可以使用现在完成进行时表示动作的延续性。另外要注意“……的数量”谓语动词要用单数来表达;【译文】Dialectsareregardedasacomponentoflocalculture,whilethenumberofpeoplewhocouldspeakdialectshasbeendecreasinginrecentyears.5.为了鼓励人们更多说本地方言，一些地方政府已经采取措施，如在学校开设方言课，在广播和电视上播放方言节目，以期保存本地的文化遗产。【解析】第五句中所包含意思较多，需要先找出主干为“政府采取措施以期保存本地的文化遗产，如……”，前面在添加一个目的状语。为了可以用todo,inorderto或者forthepurposeof都可以，注意主干的时态要用现在完成时;【译文】Inordertoencouragepeopletospeaklocaldialectsmoreoften,somelocalgovernmentshavetakenmeasurestoconservelocalculturalheritagesuchasofferingdialectclassesinschoolsandbroadcastingdialectprogramsonradioandtelevision
精品欢迎下载可修改亲爱的用户：1、最困难的事就是认识自己。20.10.2210.22.202018:4718:47:31Oct-2018:472、自知之明是最难得的知识。二〇二〇年十月二十二日2020年10月22日星期四烟雨江南，画屏如展。在那桃花盛开的地方，在这醉3、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人。18:4710.22.202018:4710.22.202018:4718:47:3110.22.202018:4710.22.20204、与肝胆人共事，无字句处读书。10.22.202010.22.202018:4718:4718:47:3218:47:32人芬芳的季节，愿你生活像春天一样阳光，心情像桃花一5、三军可夺帅也。Thursday,October22,2020October20Thursday,October22,202010/22/20206、最大的骄傲于最大的自卑都表示心灵的最软弱无力。6时47分6时47分22-Oct-2010.22.2020样美丽，感谢你的阅读。7、人生就是学校。20.10.2220.10.2220.10.22。2020年10月22日星期四二〇二〇年十月二十二日8、你让爱生命吗，那么不要浪费时间。18:4718:47:3210.22.2020Thursday,October22,2020
