A卷——小题夯基练Ⅰ.语境填词1．Therewasaworriedexpression(表情)onherface,soIcouldn'thelpaskingherwhathadhappened.2．Afterthecompasswasinvented,itallowedsailorstomakevoyage(航行)acrosstheAtlantic.3．YoucanfindmanychancestospeakEnglishwiththenative(本地的)speakerstoimproveyourspokenEnglish.4．Ifyouwanttoimproveyourreadingskill,youshouldhavealargevocabulary(词汇量)first.5．Formyfamily,bothBeijingandXi'anareworthvisiting.Finally,wedecidedonthelatter(后者)．6．Herfathertoldhertostandupstraight(笔直地)andalwayshaveconfidenceinherself.7．Sherequested(要求)thatnoonebetoldofherdecisionuntilthenextmeeting.8．Attheageof29,Davewaslivinginasmallapartment(公寓)nearBostonandwonderingwhattodoabouthisfuture.Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1．(2020·新高考山东卷)Inordertoenrich(rich)ourcampuslife,ourschoolorganizeda5kmcross－countryrunningracelastSunday.2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Recently,Ilearnedinyourofficial(office)websitethatavolunteerisneededforanexhibitionoftraditionalChinesepaintinginLondon.3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Whenastudentattacksaprofessoronthesocialmedia,thelanguageusedactually(actual)saysmoreaboutthestudent.4．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)However，withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineastern_(east)cities.5．(2018·浙江卷6月满分作文)AndItreasurethisasagoodchancetobroadenmyviewaswellasimprovemyspoken(speak)English.6．(2019·江苏卷)China'simageisimprovingsteadily,withmorecountries recognizing(recognize)itsroleininternationalaffairs.7．TraditionalChinesemedicineisbeinggradually(gradual)recognizedbyforeigners,whileitstillhasalongwaytogo.8．MyparentscanspeakEnglishfluently(fluent),sotheycanunderstandwhatPetersays.Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1．(2019·北京卷)Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone,andmuchofitis_based(base)ontrustandexistingrelationships.2．MostkindsofroseplantscomefromAsia.ButrosesarealsonativetootherareasincludingnorthwestAfrica,EuropeandtheUnitedStates.3．Ihavetwogoodfriends,MaryandLily.Theformerisgoodatdancing,andthelattercanspeakDanishfluently.4．Itwasmoreherhardworkthanherclevernessthatledtohersuccess.5．Asisreported,thenumberofvisitorstoHainanhas_increased(increase)sharplyduringthelasttwomonths.6．Ithinkmyfatherismyhero.Thatisbecauseheisagoodteacherofmylifeandwoulddoanythingforme.7．Myhometownhaschangedgreatlysincetenyearsago,anditnolongerlooksthesameasitusedtobe.8．Friendsplayanimportantpartinourlives,soweshouldcherishthefriendship.Ⅳ.易错误用(改正下列语句中的错误，每句最多两处错误)1．Theotherday，whenagreatideacameupwithatthemeeting,ourbossimmediatelyfallsinlovewithit.Thenhesenthissecretary，whohadagoodcommandinEnglish,toflytoAmericaformoreinformation.答案：第一句：删除第一个with；falls→fell；第二句：in→of；2．Thereisnosuchagoodthingasafreelunchinthisworld,soyoumustthinktwicebeforeacceptingsoanexpensivegift.答案：删除第一个a;第二个so→such3．Theyarefacedwiththesamekindsofchallengesandproblemsinlifelikeyou are.答案：like→as4．AsfarasIknow，hewasveryangrybecausewhatyousaidjustnow.答案：在because后加of5．ZhangLanhasagoodcommandofEnglish.That'swhyshespentmuchtimelearningthelanguage.答案：why→becauseⅤ.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译1．对中国人来说，想把英语说得像以英语为母语的人一样好，并不容易。ItisnoteasyforaChinesepersonto_speak_English_as_well_as_a_native_English_speaker．2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)I'dbeverydelightedifyoucouldcomeandsharethisjoyfulmomentwithme.→I'dbemore_thandelightedifyoucouldcomeandsharethisjoyfulmomentwithme.3．ThebookiswritteninsucheasyEnglishasbeginnerscanunderstand.→Thebookiswritteninsuch_easy_English_thatbeginnerscanunderstandit.(结果状语从句)4．WhenIheardwhattheheadmastersaid,Iwasverygladandmyheartbeatwildly.→Hearing_what_the_headmaster_said,_Iwasverygladandmyheartbeatwildly.(分词作状语)5．(2018·浙江卷6月满分作文)我将充分利用这次机会练习我的口语技能，以获得更多的经验。①Iwillmake_full_use_of_this_opportunitytopractisemyspeakingskillsandgetmoreexperience.②Iwilltake_full_advantage_of_this_opportunitytopractisemyspeakingskillsandgetmoreexperience.③Iwillmake_the_best/most_of_this_opportunitytopractisemyspeakingskillsandgetmoreexperience. 6．你既然发现计划有错误的地方，为什么不改变主意呢？①Why_not_change_your_mindnowthatyouhavefoundthatthereissomethingwrongwithyourplan?②Why_don't_you_change_your_mindnowthatyouhavefoundthatthereissomethingwrongwithyourplan?B卷——大题提能练Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2021·福州高三毕业班适应性练习卷)Whilemanyofusmayhavebeenawaysomewherenicelastsummer,fewwouldsaythatwe've“summered”．“Summer”isclearlyanoun,moreprecisely,averbednoun.Waybackinourchildhood,wealllearnedthedifferencebetweenanounandaverb.Withsuchacleardefinition,itwaseasytospotthedifference.Notsoinadulthood,whereweareexpectedto“foot”thebill,“chair”committees,and“dialogue”withpoliticalopponents.Chancesareyoudidn'tfeeluncomfortableaboutthesightofthoseverbednouns.“TheverbingofnounsisasoldastheEnglishlanguage，”saysPatriciaO'Conner,aformereditoratTheNewYorkTimesBookReview.Expertsestimatedthat20percentofallEnglishverbswereoriginallynouns.Andthephenomenonseemstobesnowballing.Since1900,about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.Eventhoughtheconversion(转化)isquiteuniversal，plentyofgrammariansobjecttothepractice.WilliamStrunkJr.andE．B.White,inTheElementsofStyle—anauthoritative(权威性的)bookfortheuseofAmericanEnglish—havethistosay,“Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad,butallaresuspect.”TheChicagoManualofStyletakesasimilarstandpoint,advisingwriterstouseverbswithgreatcare.“Sometimespeopleobjecttoanewverbbecausetheyresistwhatisunfamiliartothem，”saysO'Conner.That'swhywe'recomfortable“hosting”aparty,butwemightfeelupsetbythethoughtof“medaling”insports.Soarethereanyrulesforverbing?BenjaminDreyer,copychiefatRandomHouse,doesn'tofferarule,butsuggeststhatpeoplethinktwiceabout“verbifying”anounifit'seasilyreplacedbyan alreadyexistingpopularverb.Makesureit'sdescriptivebutnotsillysounding,hesays.Intheend,however,styleissubjective.TheeasyconversionofnounstoverbshasbeenpartofEnglishgrammarforcenturies;itisoneoftheprocessesthatmakeEnglish“English”．Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse,butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether,forgetit.1．Whatcanwelearnabouttheverbingofnouns?A．Ithasn'trecentlybeenopposedbymanygrammarians.B．Itismorecommonlyacceptedbychildrenthanadults.C．Ithasn'tbeenararephenomenonsincelastcentury.D．Itiseasilyreplacedbyexistingverbsinpractice.2．Whatismostleadingexperts'attitudetowardsthepracticeoftheverbingofnouns?A．Cautious.B．Satisfied.C．Disappointed.D．Unconcerned.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofendingtheverbingofnouns?A．Predictable.B．Practicable.C．Approaching.D．Impossible.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Are40PercentofAllNewVerbsfromNouns?B．AreSummeringandMedalingAnnoying?C．AreYouComfortableAboutaNewVerb?D．AreThereAnyRulesforVerbing?【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。在英语中把名词动词化的做法很普遍，但是很多语法学家反对这种做法，而且有时这样做也可能会让我们失望，因此我们要慎用名词的动词化。1．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“Since1900，about40percentofallnewverbshavecomefromnouns.”可知，自1900年以来，大约40%的新动词来自名词。据此可知，自20世纪以来，名词的动词化就成了常见的现象，故C项正确。 2．A　解析：观点态度题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“Manynounslatelyhavebeenpressedintoserviceasverbs.Notallarebad，butallaresuspect.”可知，针对名词的动词化这一现象，两位权威的语法学家认为并非所有这种做法都是不好的，但所有都是不可靠的。据此可推知，权威专家对把名词动词化的做法持谨慎的态度，故A项正确。3．D　解析：推理判断题。根据尾段尾句“Noteverycoinage(新创的词语)passesintogeneraluse，butasfortryingtoendverbingaltogether，forgetit.”可知，不是每个新创的词语都会普遍使用，但是至于试图结束名词的动词化，那就算了吧。据此可推知，作者认为结束名词的动词化是不可能的，故D项正确。A项意为“可预见的”，B项意为“可行的、行得通的”，都与文意不符。4．B　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首段以summer一词为例引出主题：名词的动词化；接着文章表述把名词动词化的做法很普遍，但有很多语法学家反对这种做法，而且这样做有时可能会让我们失望，因此我们要慎用名词的动词化。故B项最适合作本文标题。B(2021·日照高三第一次校际联合考试)Tylerattendedmyclassforasemester.Hehadangermanagementissues.Hehadbeensuspendedmanytimesinpreviousyears.Whenheenteredmyclassinhissenioryear,Iassumedtheworst.Inmyclass,ifTylergotananswerwrong,hewouldbecomeangry.Aboutamonthintotheyear,IwasstilltryingtoconnectwithTyler.Icanusuallygetstudentsinvolvedinclassdiscussionsoratleastmotivatethemtositquietlyandattentively.Bycontrast,Tylerwasjustloudandunpleasant.Oneday,TylerwastalkingwhileIwasteaching.Inthemiddleofthelesson,Isaid, “Tyler,whydon'tyoujoinourdiscussioninsteadofhavingoneofyourown？”Withthat,hegotupfromhischair,pusheditover,andyelledsomethingrude.IreferredTylertotheheadmasterandhereceivedaweek'soutofschoolsuspension.TheweekTylerwasoutofschoolwaswonderfulbutthesuspensionweeksooncametoanend.OnthedayofTyler'sreturn,Istoodatthedoorwaitingforhim.AssoonasIsawhim,IaskedTylertotalktomeforamoment.Heseemedunhappytodoitbutagreed.ItoldhimthatIwantedtostartoverwithhim.Ialsotoldhimthatifhefeltlikehewasgoingtolosecontrolinclass,hehadmypermissiontostepoutsidethedoorforamomenttocollecthimself.Fromthatpointon,Tylerwasachangedstudent.Helistenedandheparticipated.Hewasasmartstudent,somethingIcouldfinallywitnessinhim.Heevenstoppedafightbetweentwootherstudentsoneday.Attheendoftheyear,Tylerwrotemeathankyounoteabouthowgoodtheyearhadbeenforhim.TodayIstillfindittouchingtorereadwhenIgetstressedaboutteaching.Thisexperiencechangedmeasateacher.Icametounderstandthatstudentsarepeoplewhohavefeelingsandwhodon'twanttofeelcornered.Theywanttolearnbuttheyalsowanttofeelasiftheyhavesomecontroloverthemselves.Inevermadeassumptionsagainaboutstudentsbeforetheycameintomyclass.Everystudentisdifferent;notwostudentsreactinthesameway.5．Whatdidtheauthorassumeatthebeginningoftheschoolyear?A．Hewouldhavetosuspendastudent.B．Hewouldwitnessfightsbetweenstudents.C．Hewouldhavetroubledealingwithastudent.D．Hewouldbeunabletomotivatethestudents.6．WhywasTylerpunished?A．Hedestroyedachair.B．Herefusedtoansweraquestion.C．Hewasunwillingtojoinadiscussion.D．Hebehavedtoorudelytowardtheteacher.7．HowdidtheauthorstartoverwithTyler?A．Byhavinghimtalktotheheadmasterabouthisproblem.B．Byencouraginghimtoparticipateinclassroomactivities. C．Bywritingheartfeltnotestohimwhenfeelingdepressed.D．Byallowinghimtocollecthimselfoutsidetheclassroom.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．ADemandingProfessionB．ASuccessfulLearnerC．PreassumptionsaboutTroubledStudentsD．MendingClassroomMisbehavior【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。泰勒是一个不会管理自己愤怒情绪的学生。有一天泰勒因为在课堂上发脾气，对老师举止粗鲁而被停课一周。当他回到学校后，作为老师，作者和他进行了一次谈话，并允许他在情绪不好的时候去门外面待一会儿使自己镇静。从那以后，泰勒的表现有了很大的改变。5．C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Hehadangermanagementissues.Hehadbeensuspendedmanytimesinpreviousyears.Whenheenteredmyclassinhissenioryear，Iassumedtheworst.”可以推断，作者在学年开始时认为，他在与泰勒打交道的时候会有麻烦，故选C。6．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Withthat，hegotupfromhischair，pusheditover，andyelledsomethingrude.”可知，泰勒之所以受到惩罚是因为他对老师举止粗鲁，故D项正确。7．D　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Ialsotoldhimthatifhefeltlikehewasgoingtolosecontrolinclass，hehadmypermissiontostepoutsidethedoorforamomenttocollecthimself.”可知，作者允许泰勒在课堂上感觉要失去控制的时候去门外面待一会儿来使自己镇静，故选D。8．D　解析：标题归纳题。结合文章大意可知，本文主要讲述了学年之初，作者的班里来了一名问题学生，有一天该学生因为在课堂上发脾气，对自己举止粗鲁而被停课一周，但之后作者与该学生进行沟通并允许学生在快要失控时去门外待一会儿使他自己镇静，此后，该学生的行为有了很大的改变，故D 项适合作本篇文章的标题。Ⅱ.七选五(2021·广州高三调研)LearningtounderstandspokenEnglishcanbedifficult.Learnersmustnotonlymasternewphrases,butalsolearnconversationalidioms.That'salottolearn!Buttheymaysoonrealizethereissomethingelsegoingon.1.________Thesedifferentstylesofspeakingarecalled“registers”．Intheirwork，languageexpertsidentifythreemajorfactorsthataffecttheregisterofspokenEnglish：theplaceoftheconversation,therelationshipbetweenthespeakers,andthepurposeoftheconversation.2．________Eventwobestfriendswhoworkandlivetogethermayspeakmoreformallytoeachotherintheoffice.Athome,onemightsay,“C'mon,Iwannaleave.”Thesamepersonatworkmightsay,“Areyoureadytogonow？”Therelationshipbetweenthespeakersalsoaffectsthelanguagetheyusewhentalkingwitheachother.Peoplespeaklessformallytofriendsandmoreformallytostrangers.3.________Peoplewhoknoweachotherwellmightusemoreidiomsandmoreslangintheirspeech.Anangrywomanmighttellherdaughterto“hushyourmouth”andhersisterto“quietdown”．Finally,thepurposeoftheconversationaffectspeople'sspeech.Apersonwhowantstoeasehurtfeelingsusesasoft，quiettone.4.________Fewspeakersrealizethattheychangeregistersaccordingtothesefactors.5.________Wearenotawarethatwemakethesechanges.Weacceptthechangeabilityoftheweather,butweoftenrefusetoacceptthechangeabilityofspeech.A．Infact,mostpeoplestronglydenyit.B．Peoplegenerallyspeaklessatworkthantheydoathome.C．Theverysamepersonspeaksdifferentlyindifferentsituations.D．Therefore，weshouldbecarefulnottohurteachotherwithourspeech.E．Ontheotherhand,apersonwhowantstopickafightspeaksrapidlyandloudly.F．Theplacewheretheconversationtakesplacedirectlyaffectsthelanguageoftheconversation.G．Becausetheyalreadyshareinformationandexperiencewithfriends,theydonot needtoexplainasmuch.【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。语言专家发现，影响英语口语语体风格的三个主要因素是：谈话的地点、说话者之间的关系以及谈话的目的。1．C　解析：空后一句“Thesedifferentstylesofspeakingarecalled‘registers’．”与C项中的“speaksdifferentlyindifferentsituations”相呼应，说明同一个人在不同的情况下说话风格不同，故选C项。2．F　解析：根据空后一句“Eventwobestfriendswhoworkandlivetogethermayspeakmoreformallytoeachotherintheoffice.”可知，即使是一起工作和生活的两个最好的朋友，他们在办公室里交谈的方式也可能更正式；并结合该段所举的例子和第一段最后一句可知，本段应是讲述影响英语口语语体风格的因素之一——谈话的地点，故F项与此处匹配。3．G　解析：根据空前一句“Peoplespeaklessformallytofriendsandmoreformallytostrangers.”可知，人们对朋友说话不太正式，而对陌生人说话则比较正式。据此可推知，空处应是解释其原因，即因为他们已经和朋友分享了信息和经历，所以他们不需要解释太多。故G项正确。4．E　解析：根据空前两句可知，谈话的目的会影响人们说话的方式。一个人想要缓解受伤的情感，就会使用轻柔的语调。据此可推知，空处与此相对，说明想找麻烦的人说话语速快且声音大，故E项正确。5．A　解析：根据最后一段中的“Fewspeakersrealize”“refusetoaccept”可知，A项“事实上，大部分人强烈地否认它(说话风格的改变)”符合语境。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·南京高三学情调研)MichaelToddwasfoundinthesameclotheseveryday.Whentheotherkidsbegantonoticethathe1.____________(wear)thesameblackpantsandblueshirtdayafterday,Todd,2.____________freshmanatahighschoolinMemphis,becamethetargetofoffensiveremarksandlaughter.3.____________there waslittleToddcoulddo.Hismothersimplycouldn'tafford4.____________(buy)himnewclothes.TwoofthekidswereAntwanGarrettandKristopherGraham,apairoffreshmanfootballplayers.Butovertime,theyrealizedthattheirunfriendlywordsfeltlikebullyingandseemedtobeslowlydestroyingTodd'sspirit.Somethingfinallyclicked.Theydecidedtodosomething,sotheywenthomeandhuntedthroughtheirowndrawersandclosets.Thenextdayatschool,theyaskedToddtocomeintothehall.Toddwasunderstandablyworriedabout5.____________(call)outbythelargerboys.“Hewasn'tsmilingoranything，”Grahamsaid.“Itoldhim,‘I'dliketomakean6.____________(apologize)forlaughingatyou,andIwanttogivesomethingtoyoutomake7.____________up.’”HethenhandedToddalargebag,inside8.____________werecleanshirtsandshorts,plusabrandnewpairofNewBalancesneakers.Toddwasblownaway.“Iwasveryhappy，”hetoldWATNTV.“9.____________(complete)shocked.”AndToddgotmuchmorethananewwardrobe.Nowheeatswithhisnewfriends,GarrettandGraham.“I'vebeenbulliedmyentirelife，”ToddtoldCBSNews.10.____________(reflect)onthedaywhenGarrettandGrahamcalledhimintothehall,headded,“Thatisthebestdayofmyentirelife,basically.”【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文。迈克尔·托德家里穷，没有钱买新衣服，总是穿着黑色的裤子和蓝色的衬衫上学，遭到了班上一些同学的嘲笑。其中两位同学后来觉得他们这样做伤害了迈克尔·托德，便诚恳地向他道歉，并将自己的一些衣物送给了他。迈克尔·托德很震惊，也很高兴，和他们成了朋友。1．waswearing/wore　解析：考查动词的时态。结合该句内容可知，其他孩子注意到迈克尔·托德正穿着同一件黑裤子和蓝衬衫，故可以用过去进行时；或者根据上句可知，迈克尔·托德总是穿着同样的衣服，讲述的是过去的事情，故此处也可用一般过去时。2．a　解析：考查冠词。该处泛指一位高一学生，又freshman的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。 3．But/Yet　解析：考查连词。上句说高一新生迈克尔·托德成为其他孩子嘲笑和言语攻击的对象；该句说迈克尔·托德对此几乎什么都不能做。由此可知，空处前后为转折关系，故用But/Yet。4．tobuy　解析：考查非谓语动词。affordtodosth.为固定用法，意为“能够做某事”。5．beingcalled　解析：考查语态和非谓语动词。根据该句中的“bythelargerboys”可知，该处用被动语态；介词后接名词、代词或动词ing形式等，此处作about的宾语，空处应用动词ing形式，故用beingcalled。6．apology　解析：考查名词。冠词后接名词，根据冠词an可知，空处用名词形式。makeanapologytosb.forsth.为固定用法，意为“因某事向某人道歉”。7．it　解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指代该句中的“laughingatyou”，作make的宾语，故用代词it。8．which　解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物的alargebag，关系词作介词inside的宾语，故用which引导该定语从句。9．Completely　解析：考查副词。副词修饰形容词，空处修饰形容词shocked，故用副词形式。10．Reflecting　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构和语境可知，主语he和动词reflect之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。